Unit 7 - Radioactivity Flashcards
define contamination
non radioactive material gets in contact with radioactive material
(radioactive material must get in touch)
define irradiation
Exposure to nuclear radiation. The irradiation stops when
the source is removed or blocked.
describe the nature of an alpha particle meaning physical representation
2 protons 2 neutrons
helium nucleus
describe the nature of a beta particle
electron
describe the nature of a gamma particle
electromagnetic wave
in practice question- explain why fruits irradiated with amma radiation are safe to eat
- fruits are not radioactive
- fruits are not in contact with radioactive source
- fruits are not contaminated
what is meant by nucleon number / mass number
the protons + the neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
imp question- define isotopes
isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass number`
define ioniasation
removal of electrons from an atom
what is meant by alpha decay
the emision of an alpha particle from an unstable nucleus
define radioactivity
The production of ions by radioactivity due to the energy transferred
what is meant by atomic number or proton number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom
what is background radiation
The nuclear radiation from natural and artificial sources in our everyday environment
name some sources of background radiation
- building rays
- cosmic rays (from stars)
- hospitals
- radon gas from the earth
define half-life
time taken for a sample of radioactive material to have half of its atoms decayed