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History > Unit 7: Psychoanalysis > Flashcards

Unit 7: Psychoanalysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Fechner and the mind

A

Mind as iceberg
-> Consciousness as tip (1/10)
-> unconscious as rest (9/10)

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2
Q

Breuer

A

Case of the hysterical girl
method: hypnosis

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3
Q

Which concepts did Liebault and Bernheim come up with?

A

Post-hypnotic suggestion: ideas planted during hypnosis can influence behaviour
Post-hypnotic amnesia: patients tend to forget experiences during hypnosis
-> can return with enough motivation

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4
Q

Therapeutic Nihilism

A

no therapeutic intervention
-> leave body to recover on its own or through diets

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5
Q

Victorian mentality

A

animal dimension of human nature not accepted
severe conscience
double standards
women as innocent beings

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6
Q

Discrepancies between Freud and Breuer

A
  1. Freud displaces hypnosis with free association
  2. Transference (Doctor-patient relationship)
  3. Hysteria of sexual origin
  4. Hysterics resist healing
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7
Q

What did the studies on hysteria before psychoanalysis reveal and what was that knowledge the basis for?

A

existence of repressed unconscious motives
origin of motives of sexual nature
-> basis of psychoanalysis

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8
Q

In how far did freud accept reductionist materialism?

A

behaviour should be explained scientifically

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9
Q

Which foundations of psychoanalysis does the project for scientific psychology contain?

A

aim of mental functions: discharge nervous tension experienced as displeasure
division of mind into separate compartments

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10
Q

Where do the repressed desires we discover in dreams have their origin?

A

in childhood

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11
Q

The oedipus complex

A

development of sexual instinct during childhood

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12
Q

Three essays on sexual theory

A

1905
three parts:
- sexual abberations
- infantile sexuality
- pubertal transformations
concept of libido

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13
Q

What is infantile sexuality characterised by?

A

being egocentric and narcissistic

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14
Q

How is behaviour often explained?

A

Eros (sexual/ life instinct)

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15
Q

Stages of psychosexual development

A

oral: first year
anal: second year
phallic: 3-5, oedipus complex
dormant: 6-puberty
genital: puberty-death
first three stages autoerotic

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16
Q

How is psychopathology described?

A

excessive deprivation or overgratification

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17
Q

life insitincts

A

Eros
energy assciated
-> libido
perpetuate life

18
Q

death instincts

A

thanatos
death
try to end life
-> cause of aggression

19
Q

What is the purpose of instincts?

A

restoring previous state of affairs
-> free of tension

20
Q

How is the meaning of the unconscious reformulated because of the EGO and ID?

A

descriptive and dynamic

21
Q

What is the preconscious?

A

ideas are unconscious at the present but can easily access consciousness

22
Q

How do you divide the new system (active mental system)?

A

Ego
Id
Superego

23
Q

Id

A

original system
unconscious
home of pleasure principle and thanatos
-> expects immediate gratification

24
Q

Ego

A

grand executive of psyche
formed during first months of life
rational
governed by principle of reality
-> regulates instincts
develops defensive mechanisms

25
Q

Superego

A

moral dimension of personality
incorporates norms into self

26
Q

Three types of anxiety

A

Objective: real threat
Neurotic: ego feels pressured by ID
-> difficult to control irrational tendencies
Moral: sense of guilt and self-punishment
-> enforced by superego

27
Q

What do defence mechanisms deal with and which aspects do they deal with?

A

neurotic and moral anxiety
aspects:
- unconscious
- distort reality

28
Q

Defence mechanisms

A

Repression: keep disturbing thoughts from becoming conscious
Denial: person refuses to experience overwhelming situation
Projection: attributing own unacceptable thoughts to another person
Displacement: satisfying impulse with substitute
Regression: movement back in psychological time
Sublimation: satisfying impulse with substitute in socially acceptable way

29
Q

What can we say about the data collection of psychonanalysis?

A

collected from patients and self-analysis
not representative of population
not experimental
immeasurable

30
Q

What was psychonanalysis characterised by, making it impractical and unscientific?

A

Dogmatism
Pansexualism (extremist stance of importance of sex)
Self-fulfilling prophecy (data only found because it was explicitly looked for)
long duration
high cost
limited effectiveness

31
Q

Some of the most important authors for Psychoanalysis

A

Leibniz
Goethe
Herbart
Schopenhauer
Nietzsche
Fechner
Darwin
Brentano
Von Hartmann

32
Q

Which 2 types of personality does Jung divide humans in?

A

Introversion
Extroversion

33
Q

What are the psychological functions of Jung’s personality types?

A

Thought
Feeling
Intuition
Sensation

34
Q

What is the Ego for Jung?

A

The self
-> consciousness of each individual

35
Q

Archetypes

A

predispositions of perceptual and emotional dimension
Self: union of opposites, corresponds to need for transcendence
Person: tendency to only show a part of the personality
Anima: feminine dimension
Animus: masculine dimension
Shadow: repressed evil, not accepted in ourselves
-> projected onto others

36
Q

What type of importance did jung make aware of?

A

Synchronicity
-> fortuitous events changing our lives

37
Q

Why was Jung criticised?

A

Advocated religion
-> unscientific
Concept of archetype metaphysical
Theories unclear and inconsistent

38
Q

According to Adler, what does sexuality serve?

A

elementary intentions of personal power
-> overrides impulses

39
Q

Compensation

A

provokes auxillary construction
-> establishes fiction transforming inferiority to superiority

40
Q

Inferiority complex

A

stems from succumbing to feeling of inferiority during childhood

History (5 decks)

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