Unit 7 hypothalamus and limbic system

Question 1

Hypothalamus

Answer 1

In diencephalon
inferior to thalamus
Primary functions
homeostatic regulation
endocrine & autonomic control

Question 2

Hypothalamic Functions/Lesions

Answer 2

Temperature regulation
hyper/hypo-thermia
Water balance
diabetes insipidus
lack of ADH
Satiety
over-/under-eating
Emotion
lesions produce rage
Circadian rhythms
entrain body clock
Lesions rarely isolated

Question 3

limbic system

Answer 3

Loosely defined collections of brain regions
Involved in emotion & behavior
feel, feed, flight, flee, & fornicate

Question 4

Limbic System, always included and usually included

Answer 4

Always’ included
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Orbitofrontal cortex
smell
Hypothalamus

‘Usually’ included
MD thalamus
Nucleus accumbens
ventral striatum
reward center
Limbic lobe
cingulate gyrus

Question 5

Amygdala

Answer 5

Rostral to hippocampus
Functions
fear
rage
~feeding behaviors
Lesions (if bilateral)
lack of fear
poor emotional learning

Question 6

Amygdala- connectivity

Answer 6

Wide variety of inputs
all types of sensation

Outputs
esp. to hypothalamus
via fornix
through lateral ventricles

Question 7

Hippocampus

Answer 7

Near medial temporal lobe
within horn of lateral ventricles
Required for conversion of memory into long-term storage
bilateral lesion = anterograde amnesia

Famous cases of HM & HH

Question 8

Nucleus Accumbens

Answer 8

in ventral striatum
‘reward center’
pleasure
motivation
dopaminergic

Significant in addiction

Question 9

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Answer 9

Bilateral damage to medial temporal lobe
includes amygdala & hippocampus
Symptoms
placid
hyperphagia/overeating
visual agnosia
fearlessness
hypersexuality
amnesia
both anterograde & retrograde

Question 10

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Answer 10

Cats humping everything

Question 11

Korsakoff Syndrome

Answer 11

Bilateral damage to mammillary bodies & MD thalamus
Usually seen in chronic alcoholics
Symptoms
amnesia
confabulation