Unit 7 - Female Reproduction Case Studies

Question 1

what is menopause typically diagnosed by?

Answer 1

rise in circulating FSH

Question 2

why doesn’t ovulation occur in polycystic ovary syndrome?

Answer 2

no dominant follicle emerges, although multiple primordial follicles are present
-many cysts in ovaries may prevent maturation during follicular phase

Question 3

what is PCOS characterized by?

Answer 3

• reduced estrogen by granulosa cells
• reduced progesterone by granulosa and thecal cells
• continued production of androgen by thecal cells throughout the cycle
• irregular/absent menses (have thin endometrial tissue)

Question 4

what are treatments for PCOS?

Answer 4

• birth control (estrogen and progesterone) to restore menses
• Clomiphene to restore ovulation
• 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors to block testosterone –> DHT
• weight loss to control abnormal blood glucoes and diminished insulin sensitivity

Question 5

what is the “leading theory” for endometriosis?

Answer 5

retrograde menstruation

Question 6

what is the most dangerous region for rupture during ectopic pregnancies?

Answer 6

interstitial area ruptures at 12-16 weeks gestation

-this is closest to the arteries, so there is a greater risk for massive hemorrhage

Question 7

what are treatments for ectopic pregnancies?

Answer 7

• single doses, or series of methotrexate

- laparoscopy and salpingectomy