Unit 7: Eastern Europe Flashcards by Paige Beyer

Land features

North: plains
Central: Carpathian Mountains
Valley of the Danube River
South: Julian and Dinaric alps

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Culture features

Mostly Slavic background
Many unique customs and languages
Religions: orthodox, catholic, some Muslims, not many Protestants

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History

Centuries of invasion and oppression
Soviet communist rule most of the 1900’s
Governments today: most are becoming democratic

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Economies

Transition from communist state control to free enterprise
Some have joined the EU
Agriculture and industry are growing

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Estonia

Tallinn

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Latvia

Riga

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Lithuania

Vilnius

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Baltic states facts

Have a coast on the Baltic Sea
Improving their industries
Starting to attract tourists
Formed 360 mile human chain

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Poland

Warsaw

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Poland facts-4

Vistula River flows into the Baltic Sea
Land of plains: many grains crops and potatoes
Poles have suffered through many invasions
Krakow: former capital and cultural center

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Czech Republic

Prague

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Czech facts-4

In 1993, old Czechoslovakia split into two countries
Sudeten mountains on northern border
Elbe River begins here
West called Bohemia, home of John Huss

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Slovakia

Bratislava

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Slovakia facts-2

Capital is on the Danube River in the south

Carpathian mountains in north, go east and south

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Hungary

Budapest

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Hungary facts-2

Early people and culture: Magyars

Rich Danube basin, splits capital city, excellent farming

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Belarus

Minsk

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Belarus facts-2

A dictatorship, not moved from communist past

Close ties to Russia

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Ukraine

Kiev

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Ukraine facts-4

Dnieper River flows into the Black Sea
Crimean peninsula (recently annexed by Russia)
Odessa-major port city
47 million people, little smaller than Texas, productive

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Moldova

Chisinau

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Moldova facts-2

Very poor-GDP under $2000

Once a part of Romania, taken by the Soviet Union

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Romania

Bucharest

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Romania facts-2

Transylvanian alps in center, Black Sea coast, and Danube River on souther border
More of a Latin background, not Slavic

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Bulgaria

Sofia

Bulgaria facts-2

Danube valley along the northern border | Balkan mountains run east and west through the center

Albania

Tirano

Albania facts-2

Small, poor country on the Adriatic Sea, about the size of Maryland Mostly Muslim, lack of jobs, high crime rate

Slovenia

Ljubljana

Slovenia facts-3

1991 independence, easier than south lands Ties to the west (EU and NATO) Lake Bled-tourist attraction

Croatia

Zagreb

Croatia facts-3

Long coast line on Adriatic Sea Dubrovnik-coastal city, tourist attraction Croats had a tough civil war in the early '90's, mostly catholic

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo

B&H facts-2

Heart of war zone and ethnic cleansing issue | Higher percentage of Muslims

Serbia

Belgrade

Serbia facts-2

Center of the old Yugoslavia | Serbs were always the majority group

Montenegro

Podgorica

Montenegro facts-2

New country in 2006, broke from Serbia | Mountainous terrain

Macedonia

Skopje

Macedonia facts-2

Peaceful separation in 1991 | Long history, home of Alexander the Great

Kosovo

Pristina

Kosovo facts-2

Independence in February of 2008 | People are mostly Albanian Muslims, also broke from Serbia

Area of Russia

Largest country, about 6,800 miles across, 1/6 of the world's land mass

Population of Russia

About 150 million, ranks 6th

Bodies of water surrounding Russia

North-Arctic Ocean, west-Baltic Sea, east-Bering strait, south-Black Sea and Caspian Sea (world's largest lake)

Rivers in Russia

Don River-to the Black Sea Volga River- longest in Europe, to the Caspian Sea Ob, Yenisey, and Lena River- to the north

World's deepest lake

Lake Baikal

Mountains in Russia

Ural Mountains- split Europe from Asia | Mt. Elbrus in the Caucasus mountains

Climate in Russia

Tundra- farthest north, nothing grows there Taiga-trees will grow Steppe-can grow grain crops Warmest land is near the southern seas

Moscow

capital and largest city, the kremlin, red square, and St. Basil's church

Major cities in Russia

St. Petersburg (Leningrad)- Western port on the Gulf of Finland Vladivostok- eastern port on the Sea of Japan (connected by rail to the west) Volgograd (Stalingrad)- southern city on the Volga River

History of Russia before 1917

``` Ruled by czars: Peter the Great, Catherine the great Russian Orthodox Church: very prominent a two class society: no middle class ```

First two communist rulers

Lenin and Stalin

Last communist leader

Mikhail Gorbachev-allowed for more openness

Current president of Russia

Vladimir Putin

Vast, cold land of the East

Siberia

The _____ alphabet

Cyrillic

Industry

Abundance of natural resources, world leader in steel production

Part of Russia separated from the rest of the country

Kaliningrad

World-famous Russian ballet

Bolshoi