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CPH > UNIT 7 - CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 7 - CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is a collection of data
about an individual’s health

A

Health Assessment

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2
Q

is a head to toe review
of each body system that offers objective
information about the client and allows the
health care provider to make clinical judgments

A

Physical Examination

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3
Q

A comprehensive health assessment
encompasses the dimensions of a person

A

Physical
Psychological
Social
Spiritual

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4
Q

Purpose of Health Assessment

A
  1. To make a clinical judgment or diagnosis
    about the individual’s health state or
    condition
  2. To obtain baseline data about the client’s
    functional abilities
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5
Q

Purpose of Physical Examination

A
  1. For routine screening to determine the client’s
    eligibility for health insurance
  2. For acquiring a new job
  3. For client’s admission to the hospital
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6
Q

Assessing using the sense of sight.

A

o Inspection.

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7
Q

Examining the body using the sense
of touch. Use the fat pads of the fingers.

A

Palpation.

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8
Q

Tapping body parts to produce
sounds.

A

Percussion.

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9
Q

Listening to body sounds with
the use of stethoscope

A

Auscultation.

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10
Q

Back lying position with
knees flexed and hips externally rotated.

A

Dorsal Recumbent

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11
Q

Back lying position with or
without a pillow.

A

Dorsal/Supine

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12
Q

Back unsupported
and legs hanging freely.

A

Sitting or seated position

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13
Q

Head of bed is elevated 15-45
degrees angle.

A

Semi-Fowler’s

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14
Q

Head of bed raised at 80-90
degrees angle.

A

High Fowler’s

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15
Q

Back-lying position with feet
supported in stirrups.

A

Lithotomy

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16
Q

involves the patient being on their knees, with their chest lowered to the ground and their buttocks lifted in the air

A

Genupectoral/Knee-Chest Kneeling position

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17
Q

Patient is lying on their side

A

Lateral/Side-lying position

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18
Q

is when the patient assumes a posture halfway between the lateral and the prone positions.

A

Sim’s position/Semi prone position

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19
Q

with the head
turned to side; aka abdominal-lying position

A

Prone/Face lying position

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20
Q

Assessing the general appearance and

behavior of an individual:

A

Age, sex, race
Body built, height,
weight – in relation to
the client’s age, lifestyle
and health
Posture and gait
Hygiene and grooming
Body and breath odor
Signs of distress
Obvious sign
Attitude
Affect and mood
Speech
Thought process

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21
Q

Laboratory and Diagnosis Examinations

Specimen used:

A
  1. Urine
  2. Stool
  3. Blood
  4. Other body secretions
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22
Q

àEvaluates the effects of the mind, body and
environment in relation to a person’s ability to
perform the task of daily living

A

Functional Health Framework

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23
Q

Data Collection in terms of Gordon

11Functional Patterns:

A
  1. Health perception and
    health management
  2. Activity and exercise
  3. Nutrition and
    metabolisms
  4. Elimination
  5. Sleep and rest
  6. Cognition and
    perception
  7. Self-perception and
    self -concept
  8. Roles and relationships
  9. Coping and Stress
    tolerance
  10. Sexuality and
    reproduction
  11. Values and belief
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24
Q

Head to Toe Framework

A
  1. General health state: Vital sign, weight, nutritional status
  2. Head: hair, scalp, eyes, ears, oral cavity, cranial nerves
  3. Neck
  4. Chest
  5. Abdomen
  6. Extremities
  7. Genitals
  8. Rectum
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25
Q

Collecting data from head and systematically to toe (what manner)

A

(Cephalo-Caudal Manner)

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26
Q

This may be used during assessment especially
among acutely and critically ill clients/patient

A

Body System Framework

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27
Q

Body System Framework

A
  • Respiratory
  • Cardiovascular
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Integumentary
  • Endocrine
  • Reproductive
  • Psychosocial
  • Neurologic
  • Sensory
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28
Q

The vital signs or cardinal signs are:

A

ü body temperature
ü Pulse
ü respiration and
ü blood pressure

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29
Q

oTemperature of the deep tissue of body
oMeasured by taking oral and rectal temperature

A

Core Temperature

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30
Q

§ Temperature of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and
fat
§ Measured by taking axillary temperature

A

Surface Temperature

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31
Q

The younger the person, the higher the ____

A

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

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32
Q

Increases cellular metabolic rate. Therefore, exercise
increases body heat temperature.

A

Muscle Activity

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33
Q

Increase cellular metabolic rate (chemical thermogenesis)

A

Thyroxin Output

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34
Q

Increase the cellular metabolisms. These in
turn increase body temperature. hormones

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine and sympathetic
stimulation

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35
Q

increases the rate of cellular metabolisms due to increase temperature of body cells

A

Fever

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36
Q

the transfer of heat from the surface of one object

to the surface of another without contact
between two objects

A

Radiation

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37
Q

à the transfer of heat from one surface to another
à It requires temperature difference between the two
surfaces

A

Conduction

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38
Q

the dissipation of heat by air currents

A

Convection

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39
Q

the continuous vaporization of moisture from the
skin, oral mucus, respiratory tract

A

Evaporation

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40
Q

Factors affecting Temperature are:

A

Age
Diurnal variations
Exercise
Hormones
Stress

41
Q

Highest temperature is usually reached between

A

8:00 p.m to 12:00 noon

42
Q

the lowest
temperature is reached between

A

4:00-6:00 a.m

43
Q

body temperature above normal range

A

Pyrexia

44
Q

Very high fever, 41°C (105.8 F)

and above.

A

Hyperpyrexia

45
Q

subnormal core body

temperature; this may be caused
by excessive heat loss, inadequate
heat production or impaired
hypothalamic function

A

Hypothermia

46
Q

The temperature fluctuates between periods of fever
and periods of normal/subnormal temperature.

A

Intermittent fever

47
Q

The temperature fluctuates within a wide range over
the 24 hour period but remains above normal range.

A

Remittent Fever

48
Q

The temperature is elevated for few days, alternated
with 1 or 2 days normal temperature.

A

Relapsing Fever

49
Q

Body temperature is consistently high. Very high
fever temperatures (41-42°C)

A

Constant Fever

50
Q

Decline of Fever

A

Crisis of flush or defervescence stage
Lysis

51
Q

the sudden decline of fever
indicates impairment of function of the
hypothalamus

A

Crisis of flush or defervescence stage

52
Q

the gradual decline of fever
indicates that the body is able to maintain
homeostasis; the desired decline of fever

A

Lysis

53
Q

Clinical Signs of Fever

A

Onset (cold or chill stage) of fever
Course of Fever
Defervescence (Fever abatement)

54
Q

Interventions in clients with fever:

A
  • Provide TSB
  • Administer antipyretics (38°C and above)
55
Q

Interventions in clients with fever:

A
  • Provide TSB
  • Administer antipyretics (38°C and above)
56
Q

It is a wave blood created by contraction of
the left ventricle of the heart.

A

PULSE

57
Q

The pulse rate is regulated by the

A

autonomic
nervous system (ANS).

58
Q

Factors Affecting the Pulse Rate

are as follows:

A

AGE
Sex/Gender
Exercise
Fever
Medications
Hemorrhage
Stress
Position changes

59
Q

MEDICATIONS ________________ decrease pulse rate ; _________ increase pulse rate

A

Digitalis, beta blocker

epinephrine,
atropine sulfate

60
Q

PULSE SITES

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Carotid
  3. Apical
  4. Brachial
  5. Radial
  6. Femoral
  7. Posterior Tibia
  8. Popliteal
  9. Pedal (Dorsalis pedis)
61
Q

Assessment of the Pulse

A

Rate
Rhythm
Volume
Arterial Wall Elasticity
Presence/Absence of bilateral equality

62
Q

The normal rates per minute:

A
  • NB to 1 mo - - - - - - - - 80-180 beats /min
  • 1 year - - - - - - - - - - - - 80-140 beats /min
  • 2 years - - - - - - - - - - - 80-130 beats/min
  • 6 years- - - - - - - - - - - - 75-120 beats/min
  • 10 years - - - - - - - - - - - 60-90 beats/min
  • Adult - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60-100 beats/min
63
Q

PR above 100 beats/min. (Adult)

A

Tachycardia

64
Q

PR below 60 beats/min. (adult)

A

Bradycardia

65
Q

The pattern and intervals of beat

A

Rhythm

66
Q

irregular rhythm

A

Dysrhythmia

67
Q

The act of breathing

A

RESPIRATION

68
Q

The movement of gases in and out of the lungs.

A

Ventilation

69
Q

The exchange of gases from an area of higher pressure to
an area of lower pressure.; it occurs at the alveolo-capillary
membrane.

A

Diffusion

70
Q

The availability and movement of blood for transport of
gases, nutrients and metabolic waste products.

A

Perfusion

71
Q

Involves movement of the chest type of breathing

A

Costal (thoracic)

72
Q

Involves movement of the abdomen

A

Diaphragmatic (abdominal)

73
Q

is the primary respiratory center

A

Medulla oblongata

74
Q

responsible for the rhythmic
quality of breathing

A

Pneumotaxic center

75
Q

responsible for deep, prolonged
inspiration

A

Apneustic center

76
Q

contain peripheral
chemoreceptors

A

Carotid and Aortic bodies

77
Q

Normal rate of respiration

A

12-20/minute in adult

78
Q

Assessing Respiration

A

Rate
Depth
Rhythm
Quality or character

79
Q

Major Factors Affecting Respiratory Rate

A

Exercise
Stress
Environment
Medications

80
Q

normal respiration

A

Eupnea

81
Q

rapid respiration, above 20 breaths
per minute in adult

A

Tachypnea

82
Q

slow breathing, less than 12
breaths/minute in adult

A

Bradypnea

83
Q

difficult and labored breathing

A

Dyspnea

84
Q

Ability to breath only in upright
position.

A

Orthopnea

85
Q

absence of respirations

A

Apnea

86
Q

difficulty of breathing in an upright
position

A

Platypnea

87
Q

deep rapid respiration, CO2
excessively exhaled

A

Hyperventilation

88
Q

slow, shallow respiration,
CO2 excessively retained

A

Hypoventilation

89
Q

is the measure of the pressure exerted by
blood as it pulsates through the arteries.

A

BLOOD PRESSURE

90
Q

is the pressure of blood as a
result of contraction of the ventricles

A

Systolic Pressure

91
Q

is the pressure when the
ventricles are at rest

A

Diastolic Pressure

92
Q

is the difference between the
systolic and diastolic pressures

A

Pulse pressure

93
Q

Determinants of Blood Pressure

A

Blood volume
Cardiac Output
Elasticity or Compliance of Blood Vessels
Peripheral resistance
Blood Viscosity
Sex/Gender
Medications
Diurnal Variations
Diseases Process

94
Q

______ raises BP.
______ lowers BP.

A
  • Hypervolemia
  • Hypovolemia
95
Q

After puberty and before age 65 years , ____
have higher BP

A

male

96
Q

BP is _____ in the morning and _______in
the late afternoon or early evening.

A

lowest
highest

97
Q

4 diseases that cause increase BP

A

Diabetes Mellitus, Renal Failure,
Hyperthyroidism, Cushing’s Diseases

98
Q

Factors affecting Blood Pressure

A

Age
Exercise
Stress
Race
Obesity

CPH (10 decks)

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