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Industrial Monitoring and Protection > Unit 7 and 8 > Flashcards

Unit 7 and 8 Flashcards

1
Q 
This class of hydrocarbon is a series of linear or branched chain of hydrogen and carbon
A. Naphthalene 
B. Aromatic 
C. Olefins 
D. Paraffins
A

D

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2
Q 
Which has a lower boiling point? 
A. Naphthalene 
B. Aromatic 
C. Olefins 
D. Paraffins
A

D

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3
Q

Name the main hydrocarbons typically found in crude oil

A

Alkanes (paraffins)
cycloalkanes (Naphthanes)
Aromatics

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4
Q

What kind of raw material and energy resources are used in refinery operations

A

raw crude oil

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5
Q

what are the end products of refinery operations

A 
Naphtha
Gasoline
diesel
asphalt
kerosene
LPG
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6
Q

name 5 general steps in refining crude oil

A
  1. Fraction Distillation
  2. Conversion
  3. Treatment
  4. Formulating and Blending
  5. Other
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7
Q

the heavy residuals collected at the bottom of a vacuu,m tower is sent to the?

A

coker

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8
Q

What is crude oil

A

Mixture of many hydrocarbons with a smaller quanity of impurities

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9
Q

What are crude oil components

A 
Carbon 
Hydrogen
Sulphur
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Metals
Salts
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10
Q

What are crude oil impurities

A 
Sulphur
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Metals
Salts
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11
Q

Which hydrocarbon is most/least desirable?

A 
Most Alkane (paraffin)
Least Aromatics (soot)
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12
Q

high crude API gravity indicates _____ density and _____ value

A

low

high

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13
Q

How does consumer demand effect the value of crude oil?

A

more demand, less available, cost more/more value

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14
Q

Canada is a _____ exporter of refined pertro products

A

NET

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15
Q

How many refineries in Canada and capacity

A

15

2million barrels a day

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16
Q

what is purpose of trays in fraction towers

A

separation, condensation and collection of purify liquid

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17
Q

Petroleum gasses are collected from top or bottom of atmospheric towers

A

Top

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18
Q

What is cracking? Name two types

A

Thermal

Catalyic

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19
Q

What is Petro Coke?

A

residue left from coking bottoms

20
Q

Name two products produced from reforming?

A

High octane liquid products -> high octane petro

Aromatic compounds -> plastics

21
Q

3 environmental concerns of refining

A 
non-renewable
air pollution
waste water
water contamination
risk of explosion and fire
noise health
22
Q

How many refineries in Canada and capacity

A

15

2 million barrels a day

23
Q

Hydrocarbons are classified based on their _____

A

Chemical Structure

24
Q

% carbon in crude

A

84%

25
Q

Where are impurities of crude oil removed from

A

Refining process

26
Q

Desired components of crude oil

A

Alkanes (Paraffins)

27
Q

Simple highdrocarbons are on the ____ end

A

light

28
Q

Complex hydrocarbons are on the _____ end

A

heavy

29
Q

API of light crude

A

> 30

30
Q

API of medium crude

A

22-30

31
Q

API of heavy crude

A

10-22

32
Q

API of extra heavy crude

A

<10

33
Q

Non-hydrocarbons found in crude

A

Suphur, o2, Nitrogen, metals, salts, CO2, Naphthenic Acids

34
Q

API

A

America Petroleum Institute

35
Q

API of water

A

10

if crude is <10 it is heavier than water

36
Q

<0.5% sulphur content crude

A

Sweet

37
Q

> 0.5% Sulphur Content crude

A

Sour (regulatory drivers for additional processing)

38
Q

TAN

A

Total Acid Number

39
Q

High Acidic crude = TAN of

A

> 0.7

40
Q

High acidic crude is highly _______ to equipment

A

corrosive

41
Q

Quality and Value of crude depends on (2)

A
  1. Composition

2. Consumer demand

42
Q

Consumer highest demand for _____

A

gasoline

43
Q

Refining adjust molecules, reshape and remove impurities for? (2)

A
  1. end use performance

2. environmental performance

44
Q

Hydrocarbons are converted to fractions AKA:

via?

A

CUTS

Fractionation

45
Q

Fractions are further processed to produce ________

via?

A

Specialized products

Conversion and reforming

46
Q

Refining is the same at ever refinery> T/F

A

False

47
Q

1st step of refining?

A

fractioning

Industrial Monitoring and Protection (5 decks)

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