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Industrial Monitoring and Protection > Unit 1- Introduction into Industrial Processes > Flashcards

Unit 1- Introduction into Industrial Processes Flashcards

1
Q

What are Industrial Processes?

A

SYSTEMATIC series of physical, chemical, or biological PROCESSES through which raw materials are converted into a product with GREATER VALUE

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2
Q

Give 3 Examples of Industrial Processes

A

Combustion, bleaching, freezing, drying, cutting, bending, filtration, scrubbing, RO, smelting

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3
Q

what resources do general industrial processes require to make an end product? Give an example.

A

Raw materials/feedstock, processes, and energy.

Tree-Wood-pulp-paper

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4
Q

Is the end‑product the only product of the industrial processes? Example.

A

By products, physical waste, energy waste, pollution,

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5
Q

Name two sources of material resources for industrial processes

A

Raw material and feedstock

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6
Q

Name four categories of raw material resources.

A

Biomass, metal ores, non-metallic minerals (salt/gravel), fossil energy materials.

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7
Q

Series of processes used to remove impurities or unwanted substances out of a raw material

A

Refining

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8
Q

Two resources that require sustainability

A

Materials and energy

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9
Q

Name three sources of sustainable energy

A

Energy conservation,
Energy efficiency,
Energy recycling/recovery

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10
Q

Name three sources of sustainable energy

A

Energy conservation,
Energy efficiency,
Energy recycling/recovery

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11
Q

Energy conservation VS

Energy efficiency

A

Conservation is a change in behavior, Efficiency is a change in technology

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12
Q

In a “combined-cycle” natural gas power plant, a steam turbine uses the heat from the gas turbine to produce more electricity. Using a combined-cycle plant instead of a single-cycle, is an example of:

a) conservation of energy
b) recovery of energy
c) green energy
d) sustainable energy

A

B) Energy Recovery

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13
Q

What is a by-product? Give examples.

A

Accidental or secondary product produced during industrial processes:

  • Black Liquor
  • Fly Ash
  • Manure
  • sawdust
  • asphalt
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14
Q

A by-product is a type of waste. (T/F)

A

T

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15
Q

By-product management

2 ways:

A
  1. limit their production

2. Identify their value

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16
Q

Industries must streamline their process to limit by-product creation. Also, by-products usually have
some value which should be identified. These practices could be achieved through:
a) industrial processes
b) resource conservation
c) energy recycling
d) by-product management

A

D) by-product management

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17
Q

What is waste?

A

Any substance which is disposed of or required to be disposed

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18
Q

What is carbon dioxide equivalent?

A

Used to measure global warming potential of each green house gas. CO2 eq of a gas over 100 years- the amount of CO2 that would have the same amount of GWP.

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19
Q

GWP

A

Global Warming Potential

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20
Q

GHG

A

Green House Gas

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21
Q

CO2 eq

A

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

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22
Q

A higher CO2eq is better than a lower CO2eq. (T/F)

A

F. higher is worse. Methane is more potent than CO2

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23
Q

Which industry/sector generates the highest amount of solid waste in Canada?

a) oil sands
b) mining
c) municipal
d) livestock

A

a) oil sands

a > b > d > c

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24
Q

Water vapor is a very potent GHG. (T/F)

A

False. It has too short of a residence time in the atmosphere

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25
Q

3 examples of negative impacts of industrial processes (6 total)

A
  1. Depletion of resources
  2. pollution
  3. degrade land quality
  4. climate change
  5. haz waste
  6. Health problems
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26
Q

How does industry pollute water? 3

A
  1. Use lots
  2. thermal energy
  3. release of organic matter, metals, chemicals
27
Q

How does industry impact air? 3

A
  1. Acid rain
  2. climate change
  3. human health
28
Q

Consecutive and interlined STAGES of a product/system from extraction of resources to final disposal is…

A

Life Cycle

29
Q

5 R’s

A
  1. Reduction
  2. Reuse
  3. Re-manufacturing
  4. recycle
  5. recovery
30
Q

Define and Example of Reduction

A

reducing the amount of materials needed.

plastic chair with hole in back. Less packaging.

31
Q

Define and Example of Reuse

A

reusing an object as is without treatment.

Re-purposing a jar again rather than disposing

32
Q

Define and Example of Re-manufacturing

A

Form of product recovery. repairing, reword or refurbish equipment to extend life.

Upgrades to software, refurbish phone

33
Q

Define and Example of recycle

A

Reprocessing materials/products into new materials/products for original or new purposes. Energy consuming.

Paper and Plastic

34
Q

Define and Example of recovery

A

Conversion of by-products or waste to usable heat, electricity or fuel.

Fly ash for portland cement, milk heat from dairy farms

35
Q

What is a production + consumption STRATEGY that takes into account all of the impacts (enviro, economic, social) that a product or service will have throughout its life from Cradle to Grave.

A

Life cycle thinking concept

36
Q

Define and Example of Re-manufacturing

A

Form of product recovery. repairing, reword or refurbish equipment to extend life.

Upgrades to software, refurbish phone, furniture

37
Q

Define Burden shifting. Example

A

Transferring of a problem to another life cycle stage.

Designing a product that requires lithium batteries which requires mining of rare metals

38
Q

life cycle assessment

A

decision making tool to implement sustainable development/LCT. Assessment of environmental impacts throughout a products lifecycle

39
Q

LCD

A

Life Cycle Design (designing a product to reduce impact throughout life)

40
Q

LCT

A

Life Cycle thinking (overall all concept)

41
Q

LCA

A

Life Cycle Assessment (assessing the potential for a product to have environmental impacts)

42
Q

To reduce the total environmental burden of a products manufacturing, use and disposal. Including resource depletion an human/ecological health effects

A

Key goal of Life Cycle Design

43
Q

To lessen enviro impacts of products/services by guiding the decision-making process

A

Key Goal Life Cycle Assessment

44
Q

the way a product is manufactured determines its quality, cost, usefulness, and impacts on the environment

A

Key Principle Life Cycle Design

45
Q

Life Cycle Design has a major impact on the feasibility of recycling of a product. (T/F)

A

T

46
Q

Some environmentalists are concerned that there is a potential risk of environmental burden shifting for policies that only focus on greenhouse gas emission. The Facility Manager of the Halkirk Wind Farm, AB, insists that the wind farm has zero emission. Do you agree that the electricity generated
from Halkirk Wind Farm is absolutely emission-free? Why, or why not?

A

No- Still need to manufacture and maintain the windfarm. Not Zero but less than conventional systems.

47
Q

Life Cycle Design is the most comprehensive approach available for incorporating environmental considerations into product development. (T/F)

A

True

48
Q 
This is the most comprehensive approach for incorporating environmental considerations into product
development:
a) life cycle design 
b) sustainability 
c) monitoring 
d) burden shifting
A

a) life cycle design

49
Q

The Environmental Director of the Battle River Station mentioned that she accepts tighter regulations,
as long as she exactly knows what they are, and the government doesn’t change them every year.
This problem could be an example of:
a) technical risk
b) financial risk
c) production risk
d) compliance risk

A

d) compliance risk

50
Q

What can be done to mitigate the environmental impacts of “using/consuming” a product? At what stage should it be considered?

A

Design stage

less packaging, recyclbiliity, end of life, reusable

51
Q

The disposal of a product should be addressed during design stage. (T/F)

A

True

52
Q

In order to achieve environmental benefits, companies are willing to take great risk of changing
processes. (T/F)

A

False. Rarely companies will take risks to save the enviro

53
Q

4 Types of decision making risks?

A

Compliance
Financial
Technical
Production

54
Q

Remanufacturing extends the life of a product. This means use of less raw material, but generation of
more waste. (T/F)

A

False- it reduces waste compared to remaking the product

55
Q

Remanufacturing is an example of sustainable product design. (T/F)

A

True

56
Q

When remanufacturing is feasible?

A
  1. Product fail functionality but is not consumed
  2. recovery value is high
  3. core can be restored
57
Q

The recyclability of a product depends on the decisions made during Life Cycle Design. (T/F)

A

True

58
Q

What are the benefits of design for disassembly?

A

Product is easier to be recycled, repaired, upgraded. Prolonging life. Ensure cycle and reuse of parts

59
Q

What is BMP?

A

Best management practices. Use of best available technology/techniques/ management practices to minimize impacts of industrial activities on the enviro and human health.

60
Q

BMP example from RYLEE landfill

A

All surface water is collected and monitored in a run-off management system. It can not run-off site boundaries.

61
Q

BMP’s are outlined in?

A

Approval standards

62
Q

Sustainability Energy 2 examples

A
  1. Use of green and renewable energy

2. reduce the amount of energy required by energy conservation, increasing the efficiency + energy recycling/recovery

63
Q

Biggest producer of Waste water?

a) mineral extraction
b) municipal
c) thermal-electric power gen
d) manufacturing

A

C)

C > B > D > A`

64
Q

Typically, waste and/or by-products are produced during refining operations. (T/F)

A

True

Industrial Monitoring and Protection (5 decks)

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