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Medical Anatomy/ Physiology > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adeno

A

gland

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2
Q

adreno-, adrenalo-

A

adrenal gland

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3
Q

cortico-

A

outer surface

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4
Q

gonado-

A

gonads/ sex organs

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5
Q

pancreato-

A

pancreas

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6
Q

pituitaro-, hypophyso-

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

thymo-

A

thymus

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8
Q

thyro-, thyroido-

A

thyroid

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9
Q

gluco-. glucoso-, glyco-

A

sugar

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10
Q

crino-

A

to secrete

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11
Q

hormono-

A

hormone

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12
Q

keto-

A

ketone body

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13
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

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14
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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15
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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16
Q

adenalgia

A

pain in a gland

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17
Q

adrenal virilism

A

development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland

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18
Q

adrenarche

A

beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)

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19
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial and body hair on women

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20
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of menstrual flow

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21
Q

gynecomastia

A

development of breast tissue in males

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22
Q

menarche

A

beginning or first menstruation

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23
Q

thelarche

A

beginning of breast development

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24
Q

hypoglycemic

A

pertaining to low blood sugar

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25
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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26
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

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27
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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28
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the extremities

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29
Q

galactorrhea

A

discharge of milk

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30
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone

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31
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormaone

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32
Q

exopthalamos

A

protrusion of eyes out of eye socket

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33
Q

goiter

A

swollen thyroid gland

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34
Q

myxedema

A

swelling of the skin caused by deposits under the skin

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35
Q

thyrocele

A

another name for goiter

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36
Q

acidemia

A

abnormal acidity of blood

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37
Q

alkalemia

A

abnormal alkilinity of blood

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38
Q

calcuria

A

calcium in the urine

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39
Q

chloremia

A

increased chlorine in the blood

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40
Q

euglycemia

A

good blood sugar

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41
Q

glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

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42
Q

hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in blood

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43
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

excessive cholesterol in the blood

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44
Q

hyperkalemia

A

excessive potassium in the blood

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45
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive fat in the blood

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46
Q

hypernatremia

A

excessive salt in the blood

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47
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

excessive phosphate in the blood

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48
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

49
Q

ketonuria

A

ketone bodies in the urine

50
Q

uremia

A

presence of urinary waste on the blood

51
Q

adrenaline

A

hormone secreted by adrenal gland (same as epinephrine)

52
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone secreted by adrenal gland (same as adrenaline)

53
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates adrenal cortex

54
Q

corticotropin

A

shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

55
Q

glucagon

A

hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels

56
Q

glucocorticoid

A

hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism

57
Q

gonadotropin

A

hormone that stimulates the gonads

58
Q

insulin

A

hormone secreted from the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

59
Q

thyotropin

A

hormone that stimulates the thyroid

60
Q

euthyroid

A

normal functioning thyroid

61
Q

glucogenesis

A

formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

62
Q

glycolysis

A

breakdown of sugar

63
Q

glycopenia

A

deficiency of sugar

64
Q

glucocorticoid

A

hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carb metabolism

65
Q

gonadogenesis

A

creation and development of gonads

66
Q

metabolism

A

breakdown of matter into energy

67
Q

endocrine

A

to secrete internally, into the bloodstream

68
Q

endocrinologist

A

specialist in internal secretions

69
Q

exocrine

A

to secrete externally, into ducts

70
Q

glycemic index

A

ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

71
Q

adeintis

A

inflammation of a gland

72
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of a gland

73
Q

adenoma

A

glandular tumor

74
Q

adenopathy

A

gland disease

75
Q

dysmetabolic syndrome

A

combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

76
Q

ketosis

A

elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood, condition

77
Q

thymoma

A

tumor in the thymus

78
Q

adrenal insufficiency

A

adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones

79
Q

adrenocortical carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor in adrenal gland

80
Q

adrenocortical insufiiciency

A

adrenal cortext underproduces hormones

81
Q

adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

overdevelopment of adrenal gland cortex

82
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

overdeveloped adrenal gland resulting in deficiancy and overproduction of different hormones

83
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic disease with excessive urination and hyperglycemia

84
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

insulinoma

85
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor that secretes insulin

86
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst

A

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

87
Q

pancreatolithiasis

A

presence of a stone in the pancreas

88
Q

hypophysitis

A

inflammation of the pituitary gland

89
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland

90
Q

pituitary infarction

A

death of the pituitary gland

91
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

overproduction by parathyroid glands

92
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overproduction by the thyroid

93
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

condition of exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone, thyroid storm

94
Q

ketogenic diet

A

diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body

95
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas

96
Q

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

A

continuous injeciton of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin

97
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine the bile duct and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed through the digestive tract backwards

98
Q

pancreatolithectomy

A

removal of a stone in the pancreas

99
Q

hypophysectomy

A

removal of the pituitary gland

100
Q

thyroid finction tests

A

tests performed to evaluate thyroid function

101
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

102
Q

BS

A

it’s blood sugar (get your mind out of the gutter)

103
Q

CSII

A

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

104
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

105
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

106
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

107
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholaniopacreatography

108
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

109
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

110
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

111
Q

HgA1C

A

hemoglobin A1C test for blood sugar levels

112
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

113
Q

IDDM

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

114
Q

NIDDM

A

non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

115
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

116
Q

TSH

A

thyrod stimulating hormone

117
Q

T3

A

triionothyronine

118
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

Medical Anatomy/ Physiology (7 decks)

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