Unit 7

Question 1

An estimate of how many children in the United States are involved in sports

Answer 1

45 million

Question 2

Peak participation occurs between the ages of how old

Answer 2

10 and 13 years old

Question 3

What are the different reasons for children participating in sports

Answer 3

Have fun, improve skills, get exercise, be with and make new friends, and compete

Question 4

Spending time together

Answer 4

Companionship

Question 5

Enjoying being around ones friends

Answer 5

Pleasant play association

Question 6

Having friends say things or take actions that boost ones self esteem

Answer 6

Enhancement of self esteem

Question 7

Providing assistance in learning sport skills as well as general assistance, such as in school

Answer 7

Help and guidance

Question 8

Saying and doing things that conform to social convention, such as sharing or not saying negative things

Answer 8

Pro social behavior

Question 9

Mutual feelings of close, personal bonds

Answer 9

Intimacy

Question 10

Expressing feelings of concern for one another; absence of conflicts

Answer 10

Emotional support

Question 11

Ability of friends to resolve conflicts

Answer 11

Conflict resolution

Question 12

Positive characteristics such as personality or physical features

Answer 12

Attractive personal qualities

Question 13

The best sports situation for kids

Children experience more state anxiety after losing than after winning.

Answer 13

Defeat versus victory

Question 14

The best sports situations for kids.

The more importance is placed on a contest, the more state anxiety is experienced by participants

Answer 14

Event importance

Question 15

The best sports situation for kids.

Children in individual sports experience more state anxiety than children in team sports

Answer 15

Sport type

Question 16

What can coaches do dealing with sports situations with kids?

Answer 16

• give praise sincerely
• be enthusiastic
• develop realistic expectations
• reads correct technique not just outcome

Question 17

What can parents do ?

Answer 17

• encourage your children to play sports, but don’t pressure them
• understand what our child wants from sport and provide a supportive atmosphere
• set limits on your child’s participation in sport
• help your child set realistic performance goals
• help your child meet his or her responsibilities to the team and coach

Question 18

What is aggression ?

Answer 18

Any form of behavior directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being

Question 19

What are the causes of aggression ?

Answer 19

• Instinct theory: an instinct to be aggressive that builds up until expressed
• social learning theory: aggression learned through observing others
• frustration aggression hypothesis: result of frustration because of goal blockage or failure
• revised frustration aggression theory: combines elements of frustration, aggression theory with social learning theory.

Question 20

Many athletes view aggression as inappropriate in general but appropriate in sport environment this is called bracketed morality

Answer 20

Game reasoning and aggression

Question 21

Evidence and amassing to show that aggressive play is related to athletic injuries

Answer 21

Aggression and athletic injuries

Question 22

Professionals must decide if they value enhanced performance as the cost of increased aggression

Answer 22

Athletic performance and aggression

Question 23

Team norms also contribute to the moral atmosphere that influences aggression in athletes as well as coach and peer influences

Answer 23

Team Moral atmosphere and aggression

Question 24

Sport specific aggression determinants include athletes behaving aggressively because

Answer 24

Someone has committed aggression against them and they want to show how tough they are

Question 25

Males exhibit high frequencies of aggression when compared to females

Answer 25

Gender differences

Question 26

Chinese athletes ruminated more about the aggression, suggesting that members of a collectivist culture are less likely to accept aggression as a means of global achievement

Answer 26

Cultural differences

Question 27

Spectator aggression is associated with

Answer 27

Aroused conditions, alcohol use

Question 28

Character and good sporting behavior fall within the general area of morality in sport
(True/False)

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Three components of Morality in sport

Answer 29

• Good sporting behavior
• Character involves four interrelated virtues: compassion, fairness, good sporting behavior, and integrity
• fair play

Question 30

Learning by watching what other do or do not do

Answer 30

Modeling or observational learning

Question 31

Being reinforced or penalized for ones actions

Answer 31

Reinforcement

Question 32

Exhibiting behaviors in an effort to fit in with ones peer or comparison group

Answer 32

Social comparison

Question 33

Do sport and physical education enhance character development ?

Answer 33

Character is taught in sport, exercise, and physical activity settings
Teaching character involves systematic use of strategies

Question 34

Participants in organized sports are less likely than non participants to engage in delinquent behavior
(True/False)

Answer 34

True

Question 35

4 explanations for the sport participation and delinquency

Answer 35

Differential association: sport keeps kids of the street because they have less interaction with delinquent others
Social bonding: children who participate in sport develop attachments with significant others
Labeling hypothesis: being labeled as an athlete leads to special treatment, while being labeling a delinquent leads to a negative self fulfilling prophecy
Economic strain: allows young kids to gain prestige and status and reduce strain between their dreams

Question 36

Sport can serve as a deterrent for gang behavior by increasing self esteem, providing an important source of identity, lending social support, and giving participants positive role models
(True/False)

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Sport deters gang behavior only if programs are properly run, organized, and implemented
(True/False)

Answer 37

True