Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

An estimate of how many children in the United States are involved in sports

A

45 million

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2
Q

Peak participation occurs between the ages of how old

A

10 and 13 years old

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3
Q

What are the different reasons for children participating in sports

A

Have fun, improve skills, get exercise, be with and make new friends, and compete

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4
Q

Spending time together

A

Companionship

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5
Q

Enjoying being around ones friends

A

Pleasant play association

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6
Q

Having friends say things or take actions that boost ones self esteem

A

Enhancement of self esteem

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7
Q

Providing assistance in learning sport skills as well as general assistance, such as in school

A

Help and guidance

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8
Q

Saying and doing things that conform to social convention, such as sharing or not saying negative things

A

Pro social behavior

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9
Q

Mutual feelings of close, personal bonds

A

Intimacy

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10
Q

Expressing feelings of concern for one another; absence of conflicts

A

Emotional support

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11
Q

Ability of friends to resolve conflicts

A

Conflict resolution

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12
Q

Positive characteristics such as personality or physical features

A

Attractive personal qualities

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13
Q

The best sports situation for kids

Children experience more state anxiety after losing than after winning.

A

Defeat versus victory

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14
Q

The best sports situations for kids.

The more importance is placed on a contest, the more state anxiety is experienced by participants

A

Event importance

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15
Q

The best sports situation for kids.

Children in individual sports experience more state anxiety than children in team sports

A

Sport type

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16
Q

What can coaches do dealing with sports situations with kids?

A
  • give praise sincerely
  • be enthusiastic
  • develop realistic expectations
  • reads correct technique not just outcome
17
Q

What can parents do ?

A
  • encourage your children to play sports, but don’t pressure them
  • understand what our child wants from sport and provide a supportive atmosphere
  • set limits on your child’s participation in sport
  • help your child set realistic performance goals
  • help your child meet his or her responsibilities to the team and coach
18
Q

What is aggression ?

A

Any form of behavior directed toward the goal of harming or injuring another living being

19
Q

What are the causes of aggression ?

A
  • Instinct theory: an instinct to be aggressive that builds up until expressed
  • social learning theory: aggression learned through observing others
  • frustration aggression hypothesis: result of frustration because of goal blockage or failure
  • revised frustration aggression theory: combines elements of frustration, aggression theory with social learning theory.
20
Q

Many athletes view aggression as inappropriate in general but appropriate in sport environment this is called bracketed morality

A

Game reasoning and aggression

21
Q

Evidence and amassing to show that aggressive play is related to athletic injuries

A

Aggression and athletic injuries

22
Q

Professionals must decide if they value enhanced performance as the cost of increased aggression

A

Athletic performance and aggression

23
Q

Team norms also contribute to the moral atmosphere that influences aggression in athletes as well as coach and peer influences

A

Team Moral atmosphere and aggression

24
Q

Sport specific aggression determinants include athletes behaving aggressively because

A

Someone has committed aggression against them and they want to show how tough they are

25
Males exhibit high frequencies of aggression when compared to females
Gender differences
26
Chinese athletes ruminated more about the aggression, suggesting that members of a collectivist culture are less likely to accept aggression as a means of global achievement
Cultural differences
27
Spectator aggression is associated with
Aroused conditions, alcohol use
28
Character and good sporting behavior fall within the general area of morality in sport (True/False)
True
29
Three components of Morality in sport
- Good sporting behavior - Character involves four interrelated virtues: compassion, fairness, good sporting behavior, and integrity - fair play
30
Learning by watching what other do or do not do
Modeling or observational learning
31
Being reinforced or penalized for ones actions
Reinforcement
32
Exhibiting behaviors in an effort to fit in with ones peer or comparison group
Social comparison
33
Do sport and physical education enhance character development ?
Character is taught in sport, exercise, and physical activity settings Teaching character involves systematic use of strategies
34
Participants in organized sports are less likely than non participants to engage in delinquent behavior (True/False)
True
35
4 explanations for the sport participation and delinquency
Differential association: sport keeps kids of the street because they have less interaction with delinquent others Social bonding: children who participate in sport develop attachments with significant others Labeling hypothesis: being labeled as an athlete leads to special treatment, while being labeling a delinquent leads to a negative self fulfilling prophecy Economic strain: allows young kids to gain prestige and status and reduce strain between their dreams
36
Sport can serve as a deterrent for gang behavior by increasing self esteem, providing an important source of identity, lending social support, and giving participants positive role models (True/False)
True
37
Sport deters gang behavior only if programs are properly run, organized, and implemented (True/False)
True