Unit 7

Question 1

Cover various functions of stimuli; used to categorize stimuli that have multiple functions.

Answer 1

Omnibus Terms

Question 2

Its presentation evokes behavior that terminates it. It’s onset weakens behavior that precedes its onset. It’s offset strengthens behavior that precedes its offset. It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses.

Answer 2

Aversive Stimulus

Question 3

Its onset strengthens behavior that precedes its onset. Its offset weakens behavior that precedes its offset. It abates behavior that removes it. It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses.

Answer 3

Appetitive Stimulus

Question 4

A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain.

Answer 4

Behavior Chain

Question 5

A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered.

Answer 5

Chained Schedule

Question 6

The spread of the effects of reinforcement to responses outside the limits of an operant class.

Answer 6

Induction

Question 7

The differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior.

Answer 7

Shaping

Question 8

The terminal target response is a distinct topography - a different response - than the response that is currently occurring.

Answer 8

Shaping Across Topographies

Question 9

The terminal target response is similar in form to the initial response, but varies across some dimension, such as rate or duration.

Answer 9

Shaping Within Topographies

Question 10

Magnitude
Quantity
Duration

Answer 10

Parameters of Reinforcement

Question 11

The rule which describes or specifies which responses will be followed by reinforcement and which will not.

Answer 11

Schedule of Reinforcement

Question 12

Each and every single response that is emitted is reinforced; that is, reinforcement occurs each and every single time the behavior occurs; used to establish or strengthen behavior.

Answer 12

Continuous Reinforcement

Question 13

Some responses are reinforced and some are not; used to maintain already established behavior.

Answer 13

Intermittent Reinforcement

Question 14

Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses.

Answer 14

Ratio

Question 15

Reinforcement is delivered for the FIRST response after a certain amount of time since the previous reinforcement.

Answer 15

Interval

Question 16

The number of responses, or amount of time, remains the same.

Answer 16

Fixed

Question 17

The number of responses, or amount of time, is random, but centers around (ie, averages out to) a particular value.

Answer 17

Variable

Question 18

A restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring that the response occur within a specified time limit following the interval to be eligible for reinforcement.

Answer 18

Limited Hold

Question 19

All or none schedules, as they produce a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement which is followed by a burst of responding. Pauses tend to be longer then thinner the schedule.

Answer 19

FR schedules

Question 20

Produce steady and high rates of responding.

Answer 20

VR schedules

Question 21

A behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules.

Answer 21

Ratio Strain

Question 22

Scalloped; Produce a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement which is followed by a gradual increase in the rate of responding, with the highest rates at the time closest to reinforcement.

Answer 22

FI schedules.

Question 23

Produce steady, low to moderate rates of responding.

Answer 23

VI schedules

Question 24

A preferred stimulus is delivered at a point in time without a response requirement.

Answer 24

Time-based Schedules

Question 25

Reinforcement occurs if and only if the rate of response is equal to or greater than a specified value.

Answer 25

Differential Reinforcement of a High Rate of Responding (DRH)

Question 26

The contingency for reinforcement is goverened by the time elapsed between successive responses (as opposed to responses per unit of time)

Answer 26

DRH-IRT schedules

Question 27

Consists of two or more schedules operating simultaneously but independently of each other, each for a different response.

Answer 27

Concurrent Schedules

Question 28

Consists of two or more alternating schedules, each associated with a different stimulus.

Answer 28

Multiple Schedule

Question 29

The same as a multiple schedule except that there are no different stimuli associated with each component schedule.

Answer 29

Mixed Schedule

Question 30

A conditioned reinforcer is produced by completion of the response requirements for that component schedule in the chain.

Answer 30

Chained Schedule

Question 31

No discriminative stimuli in the links of the chain.

Answer 31

Tandem Schedules

Question 32

A change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule.

Answer 32

Behavioral Contrast

Question 33

The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement.

Answer 33

Matching Law