Unit 7 Flashcards
Cover various functions of stimuli; used to categorize stimuli that have multiple functions.
Omnibus Terms
Its presentation evokes behavior that terminates it. It’s onset weakens behavior that precedes its onset. It’s offset strengthens behavior that precedes its offset. It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses.
Aversive Stimulus
Its onset strengthens behavior that precedes its onset. Its offset weakens behavior that precedes its offset. It abates behavior that removes it. It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses.
Appetitive Stimulus
A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain.
Behavior Chain
A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered.
Chained Schedule
The spread of the effects of reinforcement to responses outside the limits of an operant class.
Induction
The differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior.
Shaping
The terminal target response is a distinct topography - a different response - than the response that is currently occurring.
Shaping Across Topographies
The terminal target response is similar in form to the initial response, but varies across some dimension, such as rate or duration.
Shaping Within Topographies
Magnitude
Quantity
Duration
Parameters of Reinforcement
The rule which describes or specifies which responses will be followed by reinforcement and which will not.
Schedule of Reinforcement
Each and every single response that is emitted is reinforced; that is, reinforcement occurs each and every single time the behavior occurs; used to establish or strengthen behavior.
Continuous Reinforcement
Some responses are reinforced and some are not; used to maintain already established behavior.
Intermittent Reinforcement
Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses.
Ratio
Reinforcement is delivered for the FIRST response after a certain amount of time since the previous reinforcement.
Interval
The number of responses, or amount of time, remains the same.
Fixed
The number of responses, or amount of time, is random, but centers around (ie, averages out to) a particular value.
Variable
A restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring that the response occur within a specified time limit following the interval to be eligible for reinforcement.
Limited Hold
All or none schedules, as they produce a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement which is followed by a burst of responding. Pauses tend to be longer then thinner the schedule.
FR schedules
Produce steady and high rates of responding.
VR schedules
A behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules.
Ratio Strain
Scalloped; Produce a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement which is followed by a gradual increase in the rate of responding, with the highest rates at the time closest to reinforcement.
FI schedules.
Produce steady, low to moderate rates of responding.
VI schedules
A preferred stimulus is delivered at a point in time without a response requirement.
Time-based Schedules
Reinforcement occurs if and only if the rate of response is equal to or greater than a specified value.
Differential Reinforcement of a High Rate of Responding (DRH)
The contingency for reinforcement is goverened by the time elapsed between successive responses (as opposed to responses per unit of time)
DRH-IRT schedules
Consists of two or more schedules operating simultaneously but independently of each other, each for a different response.
Concurrent Schedules
Consists of two or more alternating schedules, each associated with a different stimulus.
Multiple Schedule
The same as a multiple schedule except that there are no different stimuli associated with each component schedule.
Mixed Schedule
A conditioned reinforcer is produced by completion of the response requirements for that component schedule in the chain.
Chained Schedule
No discriminative stimuli in the links of the chain.
Tandem Schedules
A change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule.
Behavioral Contrast
The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement.
Matching Law
