Unit 3

Question 1

A simple relation between an antecedent stimulus and a reflex response

Answer 1

Reflex

Question 2

To strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke.

Answer 2

Elicit

Question 3

A simple relation between a specific stimulus and a specific innate, involuntary response.

Answer 3

Unconditioned Reflex

Question 4

Patellar reflex, eye blink reflex, lachrymal reflex, pupillary reflex, respiratory reflex, sneeze reflex, cough reflex, rooting reflex, sucking reflex, salivation reflex, swallowing reflex, peristalsis reflex, reverse peristalsis reflex, reflex related to low/high temperature, reflex to loud sound, withdrawal reflex, activation reflex.

Answer 4

Examples of Human Reflexes

Question 5

A stimulus which elicits an unconditioned response without prior learning

Answer 5

Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 6

A response which is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning.

Answer 6

Unconditioned Response

Question 7

A temporary reduction in a reflex response due to repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus.

Answer 7

Habituation

Question 8

A reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response or a set of responses as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or an environmental context.

Answer 8

Adaptation

Question 9

A temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus.

Answer 9

Potentiation

Question 10

The tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus

Answer 10

Sensitization

Question 11

A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedures in which a neutral stimulus is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response.

Answer 11

Respondent Conditioning

Question 12

A simple relation between a specific conditioned stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response.

Answer 12

Conditioned Reflex

Question 13

A stimulus which has no eliciting effect on behavior prior to being paired contingently with an unconditioned stimulus or another conditioned stimulus.

Answer 13

Neutral Stimulus

Question 14

A stimulus which elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning; that is, due to ontogenic provenance.

Answer 14

Conditioned Stimulus

Question 15

A response which is elicited by a conditioned stimulus due to prior learning.

Answer 15

Conditioned Response

Question 16

The ONSET of the CS must come first, before the ONSET of the US; very effective.

Answer 16

Short Delay Conditioning

Question 17

The ONSET of the CS must come first, before the ONSET of the US; usually effective.

Answer 17

Long Delay Conditioning

Question 18

The OFFSET of the CS must come before the ONSET of the US; sometimes effective.

Answer 18

Trace Conditioning Procedure

Question 19

CS and US occur at the same time; usually not effective.

Answer 19

Simultaneous Conditioning Procedure

Question 20

The ONSET of the US must come before the ONSET of the CS; almost always ineffective.

Answer 20

Backward Conditioning Procedure

Question 21

A neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus CS rather than with a US.

Answer 21

Higher-Order Conditioning

Question 22

The process through which a conditioned reflex is weakened by discontinuing to pair the CS with the US.

Answer 22

Respondent Extinction

Question 23

The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned reflex.

Answer 23

Respondent Spontaneous Recovery

Question 24

The spread of the effects of respondent conditioning to stimuli other than the conditioned stimulus.

Answer 24

Respondent Stimulus Generalization

Question 25

The effect of a stimulus on a specific response may be innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species.

Answer 25

Phylongenic provenance

Question 26

The effect of the stimulus on a specific response may be learned, due to the experiential history of the individual organism in the environment.

Answer 26

Ontogenic provenance