Unit 7 Flashcards
Assembly line
Industrialist Henry Ford installed the first assembly line while developing his Model T car in 1908, and perfected its use in the 1920s. Assembly line manufacturing allowed workers to remain in one place and master one repetitive action, maximizing output. It became the production method of choice by the 1930s.
New Deal Alphabet Soup Programs
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18th Amendment
created prohibition in 1920
19th Amendment
Guaranteed women the right to vote in 1920.
Progressive Ideas and Programs
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Huey Long
Capitalized on popular discontent by promising to make every man a king. “Share Our Wealth Society.” 100% tax on income over 1 mil and all inheritance over $15 mil. FDR feared Townsend, Coughlin, and Long would form 3rd party for 1936 election. Long assassinated in 1935
Charles Coughlin
Microphone messiah. Formed National Union for Social Justice. Demanded banks be nationalized. Became increasingly anti-semitic and fascist (“why can’t we be like Germany?”) FDR feared Townsend, Coughlin, and Long would form 3rd party for 1936 election.
Francis Townsend
Proposed every retiree over 60 receive pension ($200 a month). Inspired Social Security. FDR feared Townsend, Coughlin, and Long would form 3rd party for 1936 election.
United States Supreme Court
Conservative, ruled several of FDR’s New Deal programs unconstitutional
New Deal Coalition
a coalition of labor unions, liberals, religious, ethnic and racial minorities (Catholics, Jews and Blacks), Southern whites, poor people and those on relief that supported Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal legislation
Ku Klux Klan
Founded in 1915. Nativist movement. Anti-foreign/catholic/black/Jewish/pacifist/communist/internationalist/adultery/birth control. Favored Anglo Saxon Fundamentalist Christians, against forces of diversity and modernity. Red Scare+KKK+Immigration Acts point to the US devolving into a pre-progressive era US.
Samuel Gompers
leader of the American Federation of Labor, hated socialism. AFL did not allow Chinese in.
Eugene V Debs
Leader of the socialist party and founder of IWW, imprisoned for speaking out against the draft (Espionage Acts)
A Mitchell Palmer
Head of the Red Scare. “Connection” between labor struggles and Bolsheviks resulted in Red Scare. When bomb blows up in front of Palmer’s house, he fans public fears. Has raids, arrests 6000 radicals, deports 500 radicals, warned of renewed bombings.
Monkey Trial
Tennessee Biology teacher John T Scopes taught evolution (illegal but encouraged by ACLU to challenge the law to set a precedent), indicted and brought to court. WJ Bryan witness for prosecution, Scopes’ lawyer outmaneuvered Bryan in court, causing Bryan to die of a stroke 5 days later. Scopes lost the case and was fined $100.
William Jennings Bryan
From populist wing of Democrats, anti-imperialist, pacifist, favored government intervention in economy to protect lower class. Was a witness for prosecution in Monkey Trial
New Immigration
A new wave of immigrants, from eastern and southern Europe, frightened Americans because of the emigrant’s customs, different faiths, illiteracy, and poverty.Consisted of Italians, Slavs, Greeks, Jews, and Armenians. In the 1890s, their numbers first began to increase, and the numbers continued to increase for the next three decades. Most of the immigrants came from peasant and poor backgrounds and boosted America’s foreign-born population by 18 million. Emergency Quota Act and National Origins Act=Discrimination against
Great Migration
The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers of the Northeast and the Midwest, starting in the 1920s. Causes: decreasing cotton prices, the lack of immigrant workers in the North, increased manufacturing as a result of the war, strengthening of the KKK. Migration led to race riots
Dust Bowl
Parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas that were hit hard by dry topsoil and high winds that created blinding dust storms; this area of the Great Plains became called that because winds blew away crops and farms, and blew dust from Oklahoma to Albany, New York. Ruined farms and left many farmers with out crops and money. People migrated west
Red Scare
US Public feared Red Russia after Bolshevik Revolution (1917). “Connection” between labor struggles and Bolsheviks, postal workers finding 34 mail bombs, and a bomb blowing up in front of Att. Gen. AM Palmer led to this. Palmer fanned public fears, has raids, arrests 6000 radicals, deports 500 radicals, warned of renewed bombings. Results in businesses using it to break unions (IWW destroyed), Socialist Party crumbled, and immigrants like Sacco and Vanzetti convicted (judge+jury prejudicial due to Italian ancestry and anarchist beliefs)
Spanish American War
between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. US concerned for treatment of Cubans in Spanish concentration camps, also Remember the Maine! It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba’s independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
USS Maine
McKinley sends battleship Maine to Cuba to protect US interests, and it explodes. US and Spain investigate, Spain says its accidental, Us says it could’ve been a mine. Hearst and Pulitzer- “remember the Maine!”
Philippine Insurrection
Filipinos assumed they’d receive independence like Cuba. US says Philippines not ready for it, Filipinos revolt (Emilio Aguinaldo). Long bloody and cruel. Americans use concentration camps. McKinley proclaims “Benevolent Assimilation” and provides roads, sanitation and education
Woodrow Wilson
1912 dem. “New Freedoms” against triple wall of privilege: strong anti trust legislation, banking reform, tariff reduction.
William McKinley
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W Taft
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T Roosevelt
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FDR
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Stalin
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Churchill
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Truman
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Pancho Villa
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The Home Front
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Internment
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War Labor Board
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War Industry Board
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Fireside Chats
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Laissez-faire
abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market. FDR was not Laissez faire, leading right wing to believe he was a socialist.
New Deal Liberalism
To preserve individual liberty, government needed to help needy and guarantee the basic welfare of citizens. Those in favor of laissez-faire capitalism became known as conservatives
Classic Liberalism
Individual freedom resulted from free markets and weak government
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem’s population tripled due to Great Migration. New racial pride gave birth to a renaissance with poets like Langston Hughes. Jazz introduced as blacks moved from south after WW1. Borrowed from Blues and Ragtime to create sound. Key figure=Louis Armstrong
Langston Hughes
a black poet who was the leader of the Harlem Renaissance. earliest innovator of jazz poetry, poetry that demonstrates jazz-like rhythm or the feel of improvisation
Hemingway
Literature of “Lost Generation.” Wrote that war=futile and dehumanizing in “A Farewell to Arms”
Fitzgerald
literature of “Lost Generation.” Wrote a scathing indictment of American mindless pursuit of pleasure and material wealth in The Great Gatsby
The Populists
made up of farmers, greenbacks, laborers, grangers
Omaha Platform 1892 =
- government ownership of rails and telephone
- unlimited coinage of silver
- graduated income tax on wealth
- sub-treasury to store farm goods with loans given to keep farmers in business
- 8 hr. workday
- restriction on immigration
- initiative, referendum, secret ballot, direct election of senator
Rosie the Riveter
propaganda to encourage women to join the workforce during WW2
Isolationism
The foreign policy approach of staying out of national affairs
Fundamentalism
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Modernism
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League of Nations
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Treaty of Versailles
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Hoovervilles
Shanty towns, nicknamed “hooverville” due to the joke that hoover became during the great depression.
Migration
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Advertising
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Mass Media
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Credit
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Imperialism
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Anti-Imperialist League
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The Yalta Conference
Yalta Conference FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War
Great Crash
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Great Depression
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A Phillip Randolph
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Hollywood
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Clara Bow
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Rationing
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Root Takahira Agreement
Great White Fleet: Theodore Roosevelt sent US battleship fleet on trip around world. After Fleet’s visit, US/Japan agreed to respect each other’s territorial possessions (did not challenge Japanese dominance in Asia) and to uphold the Open Door Policy in cHINA.
Alfred Mahan
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Insular Cases
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National Origins Act
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Bonus Army
WW1 vets demanded “bonus” guaranteed to gets in 1945 be paid early. Bonus Expeditionary Force= 20,000 vets marched on Washington. “Bonus Bill” failed, congress and Hoover secured return fare for marchers to go home. Marchers refused to decamp, so Hoover sent in army to force out (several injured - 11 month old died from tear gas). Hoover even more unpopular - depression becomes “Hoover Depression”
Hiroshima
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United Nations
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Panama Canal
Hay-Paun Cefote Treaty 1901 cancels Clayton-Bulwer Treaty 1850, builds canal without Britain. Colombian senate failed to approve Hay-Herran Treaty ceding land to US bc wants more money. So Roosevelt encourages Panamian rebellion against Colombia. US blocks Colombian army and recognizes Republic of Panama. Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty 1903: US gets Canal
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine 1904
Big stick policy: “Speak softly but carry a big stick.” Duty of civilized nations to police world. Latin American Debts cause US to worry about European interventionism. “Prevention Intervention” US polices Latin American Nations to keep Europe out
Hawaii
US sugar planters dominate island, hurt by US Tariff Policy. Queen Liliuokalani wants more control over islands. White minority revolted with help from US troops. B Harrison submits treaty of annexation to Senate, Cleveland reelected and withdrew treaty bc Hawaiians were against the treaty. Then Hawaii is annexed by McKinley!!!
