Unit 5 Flashcards
“The Gospel of Wealth”
Essay by Carnegie (steel, vertical integration) that argued even though the gap between rich and the poor was increasing, everyone’s standard of living rose. The poor now enjoy what the rich could not afford in the past and luxuries have now become necessities of life
Domestic Servants
/
Labor Gangs
/
Machinists
/
Assembly-line workers
/
Scientific Management
A program of industrial efficiency that eliminated all brainwork from manual labor, hiring experts to develop rules for shop floor. Workers are required to “do what they are told promptly and without asking questions or making suggestions, even being timed for tasks and being paid more if they met the standard. This form of management was $$$ and met with resistance, though it was adopted in bits and pieces
Industrial Unionism
Because labor lived in cities, which are underrepresented in senate and electoral college, they allied with rural voters with similar issues, organized trade unions and bargained collectively with employers. Great Strike of 1877, Haymarket Square Riot, Homestead Steel Strike, Pullman Strike
Yellow-Dog contracts
Industry controlled labor. Locked out rebellious laborers until they agreed to be paid less, hired “scabs” (laborers during lockouts or strikes), judges who favored industry and saw strikes as conspiracies against employers issued “injunctions.” Forced worked to sign “yellow dog” contracts- agree not to join unions and black listed labor agitators
Immigration patters in the early 20th century
“New Immigrants” -Southern and Eastern Europe. Catholic, Jewish, and Eastern Orthodox. Poor and different culturally. Came to US with skills, “Native” Americans feared immigrants would not assimilatew
Chinese Immigrants
/
The Greenback-Labor Party
Coalitioned of Labored groups and Granger Movement. Believed that Republican policies of era favored banks and railroads over farmers. Demanded the government print more money to cause inflation and ease framers debts, forced states to regulate railway rates and grain storage fees- Granger Laws. Granger Laws struck down Wabash v Illinois 1886 only Federal govt could regulate interstate commerce.s
The Grange
/
The Farmer’s Alliance
/
The American Federation of Labor
/
Railroad Strike of 1877
/
Homestead Strike of 1892
Carnegie’s steel plant run by Henry Clay Frick. Union workers locked out, only workers who signed yellow dog contracts allowed to work. Wall built around plant and 300 Pinkerton Agents protected it. The amalgamated Association (union) blockade plant. Battle between workers and agents, killed 7 workers and 3 agents. State troops sent in to stop violence.
Knights of Labor
/
Wabash v. Illinois
/
1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Cleveland and Congress respond to union uproar by passing ICC. Railroads had to publish their rates openly, first large scale attempt by US to regulate business in interest of society. ICC could sue railroads in court to make them reduce unreasonable rates. Hatch Act 1887 federal funding for agricultural education and research
Closed Shop
/
Collective Bargaining
/
Trade Union
/
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy was 1/8 black and ordered to leave Louisiana train (Plessy refused and was arrested). Court ruled train was not in violation of 14th amendment. Ruling: SEGREGATION IS OKAY as long as blacks had access to accommodations that were “separate but equal” (not really). By extension, deemed Jim Crow laws legal
Lacey Act
.
Women’s Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU)
Frances Willard placed blame of abused wives and children on alcohol. First organization to identifiy and combat domestic violence. Founded soup kitchens and free libraries, introduced kindergarten, investigated prison conditions, promoted prohibition
Petticoat Rule
That if women gained the right to vote, it would either double or annul their husband’s votes, leading to men living under the rule of their wives… Sets the scene for the response to suffragists. Antisuffragists also argued it was expensive to add so many voters
Charles Darwin
Writes “The Origin of Species,” which explains natural selection: when members of a species born with genetic mutations best suited for environment, those characteristics become dominant.
The Origin of Species
The theories in this book (natural selection) are adapted to suit other theories: social darwinism and eugenics. Spencer adapts natural selection to how human society advanced through “survival of the fittest.” Social darwinism championed by Sumner, millionaires are the fittest. Eugenics, science of human breeding. Mentally deficient people, especially residents of state asylums for insane & disabled, as well as “lower races” (considered undesirable) sterilized. As an extension, eugenicists supported segregation, discrimination, and immigration restriction to maintain White American racial purity
Social Gospel
Protestants provided reading rooms, day nurseries, vocational classes, and other services to unchurched to renew religious faith through justice and social welfare
Billy Sunday
/
Ida Tarbell
Writer for McClures, wrote devastating expose on Standard Oil Company (Rockefeller). Sued by them, and McClure spent $3000 to defend her claims. part of the “MuckRakers” (-Roosevelt), urban journalists who worked to promote reform
Jacob Riis
Used photo images of poverty in “How the Other Half Lives,” was influential on Police Commissioner, who was Roosevelt. part of the “MuckRakers” (-Roosevelt), urban journalists who worked to promote reform
David Graham
Cosmopolitan 1906: “Treason in the Senate” 75 of 90 senators represented railroad and trusts and not people. part of the “MuckRakers” (-Roosevelt), urban journalists who worked to promote reform
Lincoln Steffens
Mcclures Magazine: “Shame of the Cities” corrupt alliance between business and municipal government (urban/political machines)
Margaret Sanger
Nurse and settlement house volunteer. Crusaded for birth control through a newspaper column
Pure Food and Drug Act
/
Hull House
/
Jane Addams
/
Florence Kelley
/
Frances Perkins
/
Populist Party
/
The Impact of Immigration
/
Gold Standard
/
