Unit 7

Question 1

Islam

Answer 1

A religion that began in Arabia in the 600’s. Large empire that scared christians and bothered them for years leading to battles like the battle of tours

Question 2

treaty of verdun

Answer 2

a treaty that charlemange’s three grandsons made that split up the western roman empire into three regions. Eventually this led to the downfall of all of charlemanges empire.

Question 3

chivalry

Answer 3

A code of conduct that knights adopted in the late middle ages. required them to be brave, loyal, and honest. Valued women and other lesser people.

Question 4

feif

Answer 4

an estate that is offered to vassals from their lords.

Question 5

knight

Answer 5

noble men become mounted warriors that protect the king and everything on his land and are loyal to him.

Question 6

manor

Answer 6

a lords estate. it could be a few villiages and contained all of the peasants that worked on the land there. It was the heart of the feudal economy.

Question 7

sef

Answer 7

peasants bound to the manor. Not slaves but could not leave the manor without lords permission.

Question 8

vassal

Answer 8

lesser lords that pledged loyalty to the greater lord in exchage for land.

Question 9

feudalism

Answer 9

a losely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their land among lessr lords.

Question 10

monks

Answer 10

they were men that withdrew from a worldly life to the monastic life. devoted entre lives too their spiritual gods.

Question 11

canon law

Answer 11

the body of laws that the church developed. included wills, marriages, and other daily affairs. Anyone disobeying the laws were subject to punnishments.

Question 12

interdict

Answer 12

It was a punishment for disobeyu=ing canon law and it was when a lord disobeed it and then his entire down was excluded from receiving the sacraments or burial . Almost everyone backed dow at this point for fear of revolt

Question 13

secular

Answer 13

christianity became this when it bacame the most worldly force in medevial europe. was carved out by chirch heirarchy

Question 14

tithe

Answer 14

A tenth of ones income that was payed to the chirch in order to support the local parish.

Question 15

sacraments

Answer 15

They were the sacred rites of the church. the priest administered this and since the priest was peasants only contact with religion, tey believed that participation in this would lead to salvation.

Question 16

excommunication

Answer 16

another punishment for disobeying canon laws. could not get sacraments or a burial which condemned them to hell.

Question 17

apprentice

Answer 17

at the age of 7 or 8 a kid would become atrainee in the ways of becoming a guild master and did this for about 7 years.

Question 18

capital

Answer 18

once trade was revived and the use of money increased, the need for money for investment or capital also increased. this stimulated the growth of banking houses.

Question 19

charters

Answer 19

a writen document that was asked for by merchants that had just set up a town from a local lord or king. It set out the rights and privalages of the town and for this the merhant payed a yearly fee. One common clause was that after one year one day, anyone in the town was free.

Question 20

guilds

Answer 20

they were assosiactions of the middle class. First came merchant guilds and then artisan craft uilds. they often clashed and rioted. the guilds provided social services like education. they dominated town life if merchant and passed laws/ taxes.

Question 21

usury

Answer 21

it is the lending of money at interest. To the noble and clergy this was seen as an immoral act of the middle class

Question 22

merchants

Answer 22

Merchant were wealthy middle class that often dominated town life and passed laws/taxes. also decided how to spend funds.

Question 23

middle class

Answer 23

it was the class of people between nobles and peasants. It included merchants, traders, and artisans and came to be in 1000. Nobles hated the new class as they felt towns were a disruptive influence beyond their control.

Question 24

Gaul

Answer 24

Gual is modern day France. It was captured by Clovis and the Franks in 486. They preserved its Roman heritage but added frankish custom. This led to Clovis converting to christianity.

Question 25

troubador

Answer 25

Troubadors were wandering musicians that sang about the brave deeds of knights and their devotion to their ladies. these songs often became epics.

Question 26

battle of tours

Answer 26

A battle in 732 where the christians denied the muslims to advance further into western europe and to stay in what is now spain. Their closeness still causes anxiety to the christians but the victory gives them great joy and releif.

Question 27

papal supremacy

Answer 27

Since the pope declared himself as God on earth, papal supremicy was the idea that the pope had power over all secular rulers like kings and emperors.

Question 28

tenant farmer

Answer 28

In 1300 this is what mot peasants were. they paid rent for their land. they were either this or hired farm laborers.

Question 29

Alcuin

Answer 29

he was hired by charlemange to come from York to teach at the palace school. Curricuk=lum included rhetoric, grammar, logic, math, geometry, music, and astronomy. Also hired people to copy down books.

Question 30

Clovis

Answer 30

He was the king of the Franks. Due to his conversion to christianity, the franks now had the pope as an ally.

Question 31

Charlemange

Answer 31

He was the grandson of charles martel and in 768 he became king of the franks. was known as great. Reunited much of the western roman empire. Was crowned eperor of Rome by pope. He also helped revive education.

Question 32

Franks

Answer 32

One of the germanic tribes that conquered europe. They were mostly farmers and herders. lived in small comunities and had now written laws.had kings elected by tribal council. Eventually conquered what is now france and for some time reunited the western roman empire.

Question 33

Saxons

Answer 33

they were another germanic tribe that conquered part of europe. Had same way of life as the Franks.

Question 34

Leif Erikson

Answer 34

He was an icelandic explorer that is considered by many to be the firs european to explore North America.

Question 35

Benedict

Answer 35

A monk that created the benedictine rule. also had a monestary in monte cristo. rules were to obey the obbot or abbess in head of monestary, poverty, and chastity.

Question 36

charles martel

Answer 36

A leader of the Franks that rallied his troops his warriors in 732 to win the battle of tours.

Question 37

vikings

Answer 37

They were from scandenavia and they were the people that finally destroyed charlemanges empire. Independant farmers ruled by land owning cheiftans. expert sailors. traders. set up short lied colony in North America. opened trade routes.

Question 38

magyars

Answer 38

A wave of nomadic peple from Hungary in 900. Overran europe and germany and france and italy till pushed back after 50 years.

Question 39

francis of assisi

Answer 39

He was a wealthy itallian that formed the first order of the frairs, the fransiscans. He preached gospels and taught by examples o his own good works.

Question 40

europes natural resouces were

Answer 40

soil timber and lumber

Question 41

middle ages education

Answer 41

Depending on the time and place, it varied. In some places like charlemanges empire, educarion was valued greatly. but most peasants were illiterate so therefore most eduction was basic.

Question 42

castles

Answer 42

they were fortified homes that could withstand attacks. In times of war the peasants would come inside and it housed the knights as well. Had a drawbrindge, moat, made of stone, towers.

Question 43

vikings and their impact

Answer 43

The vikings left an impact on the trade of the area. they set up trade routes between north europe and the mediterranean and mixedtheir culture with their colonies in england, russia, ireland, and france

Question 44

role of women during the middle ages

Answer 44

If a peasant their role was to care for the children and homestead. they were illiterate most oftan and had very little to no rights. If a noble woman when husband etc leaves, the woman can take over the manor. Some may even go to war or even enter in politics. Most inheritance rights were restricted but some inherited feifs.

Question 45

role of women in the church

Answer 45

Women couldnt be preists but many entered the convents. could escape holds of society and write music, write books, say gospels. late middle ages however withdrew these rights.

Question 46

role of the church

Answer 46

The church had almost contol over much of europe. clergy were high social status and the pope ruled over Though had no actual military power, set rules on when and where they could fight and scared people with ejection from the church.

Question 47

relationship between christians and jews.

Answer 47

For many centuries, christians and jews lived side by side in peace. jews were often taxe more but still valued. By the late 1000 jews were oppressed and prejudice increased. Jews were forbade from entering christian land. Jews migrated to eastern europe.

Question 48

farming, tech, role in daily life, three feild system.

Answer 48

agriculture revolution in 1000. used iron plows and a new harness to use horses not ox. The role was that most peasants farmed and the increase a=in farming led to increased food and pop. Panted one field with grain, one with legumes, and one unplaned.

Question 49

Merchants and impact on economy

Answer 49

They imposed a system of credit and helped trade boom. They led to the beginings of modern business. This was known as the comercial revolution.