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Honors Global History > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a subcontinent?

A

A large landmass that juts out from a continent. Indus was built on Indian subcontinent.

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2
Q

What is a plateau?

A

A raised area of level land. The Deccan was a plateau and one of the three zones of India.

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3
Q

What is a monsoon?

A

Seasonal winds that regularly blow from a certain direction for part of the year. The Indus people relied on them as if they were too late or heavy it could lead to famine or flooding.

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4
Q

What is Harappa?

A

One of two capitals of Indus. 3 miles in circ. large hilltop structure. warehouse. mud and unbaked bricks were common building materials. complex plumbing.

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5
Q

What is Mehenjo-Daro?

A

One of two capitals of Indus. 3 miles in circ. large hilltop structure. warehouse. Carefully laid out in org. pattern. baked clay brick were common. complex plumbing.

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6
Q

What is Veneration?

A

Special regard for something. The Indus people had this for Buffalo, bulls, and cattle.

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7
Q

What is Acculturation?

A

The blending of two or more cultures. The Aryans did this when they combined the cult. of nomads w/ that of earlier Indian peoples.

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8
Q

What are the Vedas?

A

A collection of hymns, chants, ritual instructions, and other religious teachings. The Aryans often had these memorized and the era in which the Vedas were used was known as the Vedic Age (1500-500 BC)

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9
Q

What are Rajahs?

A

Chiefs that led Aryan tribes. Often the most skilled war leader. Was elected by assembly of warriors. Used a council of elders made up of heads of families for advice. Rajahs fought w/ one another for control of territory.

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10
Q

Who is Indra?

A

The chief Aryan deity. he was the fierce god of war, and was used in the Aryan’s polytheistic collection of gods/goddesses of elemental forces. His weapon was the thunder bolt which symbolized rain and or destruction of demons.

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11
Q

What is Brahman?

A

A notion of a single spiritual power that existed beyond the many gods of the Vedas and resided in all things. All religion after the Vedic Age combined this with Mystics.

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12
Q

Who are Mystics?

A

People who seek direct communication with divine forces. Practiced meditation and yoga. All religion after the Vedic Age combined this with Brahman.

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13
Q

What is the Mahabharata?

A

India’s greatest epic. It tells of the battles of Aryan rivals over the control of the Ganges region. Nearly 10,000 versus.

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14
Q

What is the Ramayana?

A

Shorter than the Mahabharata it an Indian epic. Tells of a hero named Rama, his bride Sita and their deeds.

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15
Q

What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?

A

A Sumerian epic of history, mythology, adventure, and religion.

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16
Q

What is the geography of ancient India like?

A

It is divided into 3 zones. The fertile Gangetic Plain, the dry Deccan Plateau, and the also fertile Coastal Plains. Also had two major mountains the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush which separated India from the world.

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17
Q

Who are the Aryans?

A

A group of nomads that were one of many groups that spoke the Indo-European language that bred with local people of the Vedic Age.

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18
Q

What is the Atman?

A

An essential self/soul. Central to Hindu beliefs.

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19
Q

What is Moksha?

A

The union with Brahman. The ultimate goal of existence is the reach this.

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20
Q

What is Reincarnation?

A

The rebirth of the soul into another bodily form. It allows people to continue working towards Moksha for several lifetimes. Symbolized by a wheel. Official name Samsara.

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21
Q

What is Karma?

A

It refers to how all of ones actions in one lifetime will affect the next. One can reach Moksha by following the law of Karma. Order of closesness to Brahman is humans, animals, plants, objects. good karma = move up; bad karma = move down.

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22
Q

What is Dharma?

A

The religious and moral duties of an individual. Hinduism stresses this value.

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23
Q

What is Ahimsa?

A

Nonviolence. All things are part of Brahman so therefor deserve to be respected.

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24
Q

who were the three main Hindu deities?

A

Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer.

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25
Q

What is Jainism?

A

A branch of Hinduism in which they do not kill anything and carry around brooms. Founded by Mahavira.

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26
Q

What is the Caste System?

A

A fixed social group that a person is born into. Each caste was like a different species of being. Brahmins were the purist. Then came the high caste people then low and the the “untouchables”.

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27
Q

Who is Siddhartha Gautama?

A

The founder of Buddhism. Born a prince. Left the palace at 16 and say an old man, a dying man, and a dead man. He fasted to find the realm beyond death and suffering. He then became enlightened and became known as the Buddha.

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28
Q

What are the Four Noble Truths?

A

All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow.
The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hatred and desire.
The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirtue.
The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path.

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29
Q

What is the Eightfold Path?

A 
Right views
Right aspirations
Right speech
Right conduct
Right livelihood
Right effort
Right mindfulness
Right contemplation
30
Q

What is Nirvana?

A

Union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth. The ultimate goal of Buddhists.

31
Q

What is Sect?

A

Subgroups. Buddhism split into two of these; The Theravada which closely follow the Buddhas beliefs, and the Mahayana which paint the Buddha as a god and it was easier for people to follow.

32
Q

What is Hinduism?

A

The worlds oldest religion in which the nature of life is revealed. It is a henotheistic religion.

33
Q

What is is Maya?

A

The idea that the world known to us is an illusion.

34
Q

Who is Chandragupta Maurya?

A

The man that forged the first Indian Empire. First gained power in the Ganges Valley. Led a bureaucracy. He was effective but harsh. Started the Mauryan dynasty.

35
Q

What is Dissent?

A

Ideas that opposed the govt. These matters were handled by a secret police.

36
Q

Who is Asoka?

A

Chandragupta’s grandson. The empires greatest leader. He conquered the Deccan bu then rejected violence and became Buddhist.

37
Q

What are missionaries?

A

People sent on religious missions. Asoka sent these out to spread Buddhism across India and Sri Lanka.

38
Q

What is a Golden Age?

A

A period of great cultural achievement. India entered this period under the rule of the Guptas.

39
Q

What is the Decimal System?

A

A system of numbers based on ten digits. The Indian mathematicians created the concept of zero.

40
Q

What is Dowry?

A

Dowry is a payment to the bridegroom. It financed the costly wedding festivities and was part of Indian societies many duties such as arranged marriage.

41
Q

What is the geography of China?

A

Its distance from other countries led it to believe that it was the center of the earth and sole source of civ. To W/SW there were brutal deserts/mountains Tian Shan and Himalayas. To SE thick rainforests. To N was desert, Gobi. To E was Pacific Ocean.

42
Q

What is a Joint Family/System?

A

When parents, children, and their offspring lived in one dwelling. It was the ideal Indian family.

43
Q

What is the Huang He?

A

A Chinese river that creates the North China Plain. Often called the Yellow River. It is know as the worlds muddiest river. This is where China’s hist. began.

44
Q

What is Loess?

A

Fine windblown yellow soil that gave the Huang He its name.

45
Q

What is the Chang Jiang?

A

It is the longest river in China and 3rd in the world. It is also called the Yangtze River. 10% of the worlds modern pop. live in its valley. It is very important for trade. Home of the Yangtze River Dolphin which was the first dolphin to go extinct due to humans.

46
Q

What is the Xi Jiang?

A

A river in southern China used as a commercial waterway.

47
Q

What are Clans?

A

Groups of families whom claim a common ancestor. They played a major role in the Shang Dynasty’e govt.

48
Q

What were the social classes of Shang?

A

Royal Family/ Noble Warriors
Artisans/ Merchants (Artisans made things for Nobles and Merchants traded Artisans goods.)
Peasants (Grueling lives where all family members worked in fields.)

49
Q

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

A

The Mandate of Heaven is the divine right to rule. The Zhou used this to justify their rebellion against the Shang.

50
Q

What is the Dynastic Cycle?

A

The rise and fall of dynasties. If a dynasty had a good govt. it enjoyed the Mandate pf Heaven. Famine and other disasters were signs of a change in dynasties and the failure of the Mandate of Heaven.

51
Q

What is Feudalism?

A

A system of govt. where local lords owned their own lands but owed military service and other support to the ruler. Zhou kings only truly ruled for 250 years because the rest was ruled by local lords.

52
Q

Who is Confucius?

A

A great Chinese thinker that founded Confucianism. He failed to reach a govt. position so he taught his beliefs and philosophies.

53
Q

What is a Philosophy?

A

A system of ideas. Confucianism was a philosophy more so than a religion.

54
Q

What is Confucianism?

A

It was a philosophy that thaught the values of a just and peaceful society. This is obtained when people act properly and follow their roles. All people must obey those above them.

55
Q

What is an Ideograph?

A

Ideas represented by pictures and symbols for example, truth.

56
Q

What is Filial Piety?

A

Ones respect for his or her parents. Confucius put this value above all others.

57
Q

Who is Laozi?

A

He was a Chinese thinker that created Daoism. also known as “Old Master”.

58
Q

What is Daoism?

A

Preaches a simple life. Life is filled with harmony and balance through opposites such as life and death. Everyone should avoid the feeling of self-importance. Laws get in the way. Based on idea of “Dao” or the way.

59
Q

What is Legalism?

A

The belief that humans are selfish and that we can’t trust rulers to set good examples. We must establish strict rules. Reward good behavior, punish bad. Influence of Qin and people can’t criticize the govt. The Qin used this.

60
Q

What are famous Chinese inventions?

A

Studied movement of planets and eclipses. Created the 365 1/4 day calendar. Bronze-making. Made silk from the thread of the cocoons of silkworms. Also advancements in Chemistry, Botany, and Zoology. Time keeping devices. Seismographs. made anesthetics, and experimented with herbal remedies and other drugs. Made paper. Made the boat rudder. Made bronze/iron stirrups. Made fishing reels, wheelbarrows, ad suspension bridges. Large parks and palaces.

61
Q

What are Oracle Bones/Piety?

A

Animal bones in which the Shang write questions on to the gods or to ancestor spirits. By heating them they would interpret the cracks in the bone.

62
Q

What are Characters?

A

Written symbols. each character would represent an entire word or idea. It would take multiple strokes to make one character.

63
Q

What is Calligraphy?

A

The elegant art form of writing created by the Chinese scholars.

64
Q

What is Shi Huangdi?

A

Shi Huangdi means the first emperor. This is what Zheng called himself as he united China under the Qin empire. He was a brutal ruler but he ushered in China’s Classical Age. He also helped construct the great wall.

65
Q

Who is Wudi?

A

He was the most famous Han emperor. He strengthened the govt. and economy. He reinstated Confucianism. He also opened up the Silk Road.

66
Q

What is a Monopoly?

A

It is the complete control of a product or business by one person or group. Wudi had this on Iron and Salt.

67
Q

What is Expansionism?

A

The expanding of a countries territory. Wudi followed this policy and drove China’s borders past the great wall.

68
Q

What are Civil Servants?

A

Officials in govt. The Han believed that they should win positions through merit not family ties.

69
Q

What are Warlords?

A

Local military rulers. During the demise of the Han, emperors lost control of such peoples as well as canals and other public works.

70
Q

What is Acupuncture?

A

It is a medical treatment in which the doctor inserts needles in the skin to relieve pain.

Honors Global History (5 decks)

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