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World Civ Semester Two > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Schutzstaffel

A

“Protection squad.” The SS. Loyal only to Hitler. Arrested hundreds of Hitler’s enemies in 1934.

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2
Q

Define: Gestapo

A

Nazi secret police. Brutal. Terror. Shocked people into total obedience.

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3
Q

Define: Hitler Youth

A

School boys had to join.

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4
Q

When did Hitler come to power?

A

Named Chancellor in 1933 by President Paul Von Hindenburg, so “legal.”

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5
Q

In what way did he come to power “legally”?

A

Conservatives asked President Paul Von Hindenburg to name Hitler Chancellor in 1933, so came to power “legally.”

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6
Q

Define: appeasement

A

Giving into an aggressor to keep peace. Urged by British after German troops entered into the Rhineland a buffer zone btwn Germany and France that was forbidden to them under the Treaty of Versailles. Empowered Hitler.

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7
Q

Define: isolationism

A

U.S. belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided; felt entry into WWI was a mistake. Three Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in 1935.

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8
Q

Define: Third Reich

A

Hitler plan to absorb Austria and Czechoslovakia into a German Empire called the Third Reich. Invaded and annexed Austria in March 1938, then took Czechoslavakia in early 1939.

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9
Q

Define: Munich Conference

A

Meeting of Germany, France, GB and Italy on Sept. 29, 1938, after Germany annexed Austria. Britain & France chose appeasement and permit Hitler to take Sudentenland (Czecholslovakia lands bordering Germany).

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10
Q

What 3 countries made up the Axis powers?

A
  1. Italy
  2. Germany
  3. Japan
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11
Q

What 2 countries signed a nonaggression pact prior to the war?

A

USSR and Germany in August 1939

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12
Q

Define: blitzkrieg

A

“lightning war”

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13
Q

Define: Charles de Gaulle

A

Led Free France – government in exile

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14
Q

Define: Winston Churchill

A

British Prime Minister during WWII. Great orator. Vowed never to give in.

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15
Q

Define: Atlantic Charter

A

A joint declaration made by Roosevelt and Churchill after they’d met secretly. It upheld free trade among nations and the right of people to choose their own govt, and later served as the Allies’ peace plan at the end of WWII.

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16
Q

When did WWII officially start?

A

France and Great Britain declared war on September 3, 1939 after Hitler invaded Poland.

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17
Q

What event started WWII?

A

Hitler’s invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939

18
Q

When did France officially fall?

A

June 22, 1940, after Germans took Paris

19
Q

How did France get split up?

A

Germans in Northern France; Vichy France (puppet government in Southern France); Free France (govmt in exile led by Charles de Gaulle)

20
Q

Why was the outcome of the Battle of Britain important for the Allies?

A

It showed that Hitler’s attacks could be blocked.

21
Q

What was “Operation Barbarossa”? When did it start?

A

Code name for Nazi invasion of Soviet Union, begun on June 22, 1941.

22
Q

Define: Pearl Harbor

A

U.S. base in Hawaii that was attacked by Japanese. Led U.S. to officially enter WWII.

23
Q

Define: Battle of Midway

A

Admiral Yamamoto planned to attack a key American airfield on the island of Midway. Admiral Nimitz anticipated the attack because of code breakers and crafted a successful strategy. His massive victory turned the tide of war in the Pacific.

24
Q

What date is “a date that will live in infamy”?

A

December 7, 1941 – attack on Pearl Harbor

25
Q

Define: Kristallnacht

A

“Night of Broken Glass.” 11/9/38. Retaliation for youth Grynszpan shooting a German diplomat in retaliation for his father’s deportation to Poland. Major step-up in Jewish persecution.

26
Q

Define: Aryans

A

Germanic peoples, Hitler’s “master race.”

27
Q

Define: ghettos

A

Created to isolate Jews. Hitler hoped they would starve to death or die from disease. But Jews struggled to keep traditions alive.

28
Q

Define: genocide

A

systematic killing of an entire people

29
Q

What were the Nuremburg laws? What rights were Jews denied?

A

prevented German citizenship for Jews and prohibited marriages btwn Jews and on-jews

30
Q

What was the “Final Solution”?

A

Hitler’s plan for eliminating the Jews and “undesirables” through genocide (extermination).

31
Q

Define: Battle of El Amamein

A

Axis powers took this village in Egypt. British took them by surprise and pushed them out.

32
Q

Define: Battle of Stalingrad

A

Germans bombed city and hoped Russians would surrender. Controlled most of city by November 1942 but Soviets surrounded city and cut off supplies – winter. Both Stalin & Hitler ordered to “win at all costs.” Germany surrendered in Feb 1943, but city mostly destroyed.

33
Q

Define: D-Day

A

June 6, 1944 invastion by Allies at Normandy. Major turning point of the war that led to the liberation of France, Belgium and Luxembourg, and then the invasion of Germany.

34
Q

Define: kamikaze

A

Japanese suicide pilots

35
Q

What was the other name for D-Day?

A

Operation Overlord – D-Day was the June 6, 1944, when Allies landed in Normandy

36
Q

What is V-E Day?

A

Victory in Europe Day – official surrender signed – May 9, 1945

37
Q

What two cities in Japan were victims of the American atomic bomb?

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

38
Q

Define: Nuremberg Trials

A

Trial of Nazi leaders for crimes against humanity. Rudolf Hess was given life in prison and Hermann Goring committed suicide before he could be executed, but ten other Nazi leaders were hanged and bodies burned in ovens of Dachau.

39
Q

Define: demilitarization

A

MacArthur plan for a peaceful post-war tranistion in Japan: disbanded Japanese armed forces

40
Q

Define: democratization

A

MacArthur plan in post-war Japan: move to constitutional monarchy

41
Q

What 3 programs did General MacArthur introduce during the U.S. occupation of Japan?

A
  1. demilitarization
  2. democratization
  3. land moved from absentee landowners to govt then to tenant farmers (Check this response?)
42
Q

What 2 countries emerged from the war as the world’s two major powers?

A

U.S. and U.S.S.R.

World Civ Semester Two (5 decks)

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