Unit 7 (19th Century Perspectives and Political Developments) Flashcards
19th Century Perspectives and Political Developments
What was the primary ideology that emerged in the 19th century advocating for individual rights and freedoms?
Liberalism
True or False: Nationalism in the 19th century often promoted the idea of self-determination for ethnic groups.
True
Fill in the blank: The Congress of _____ (1814-1815) aimed to restore the balance of power in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
Vienna
Which political movement sought to establish a government based on the principles of equality and fraternity?
Socialism
Which revolution in 1848 is often referred to as the ‘Springtime of Nations’?
The Revolutions of 1848
What was the primary goal of the Chartist movement in Britain?
To gain political rights and influence for the working class.
True or False: The Industrial Revolution contributed to the rise of socialism and labor movements.
True
What is the term for the belief that the state should control the economy and redistribute wealth?
Socialism
Who wrote ‘The Communist Manifesto’ in 1848?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
What was the main outcome of the 1861-1865 American Civil War that influenced European political thought?
The abolition of slavery.
Fill in the blank: The _____ War (1853-1856) was fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain, and Sardinia.
Crimean
What movement aimed at unifying Italy in the 19th century?
Risorgimento
Which political figure is most associated with the unification of Germany?
Otto von Bismarck
True or False: The concept of ‘Realpolitik’ emphasizes practical and pragmatic politics over ideological considerations.
True
What was the primary focus of the women’s suffrage movement in the 19th century?
To secure voting rights for women.
Which ideology promotes the idea of a nation-state based on common language, culture, and history?
Nationalism
Fill in the blank: The _____ Treaty of 1871 ended the Franco-Prussian War and led to the unification of Germany.
Treaty of Frankfurt
What was the significance of the Dreyfus Affair in France?
It highlighted deep divisions in French society regarding anti-Semitism and the military.
Which movement sought to end the influence of the church in government and promote secularism?
Secularization
What was the primary goal of the Young Italy movement founded by Giuseppe Mazzini?
To promote Italian unification.
True or False: The 19th century saw the rise of both imperialism and colonialism as European powers expanded their territories.
True
What economic theory advocates for government intervention to promote social welfare?
Mixed Economy
Fill in the blank: The _____ Conference of 1884-1885 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa.
Berlin
Who was the British Prime Minister during the majority of the 19th century who implemented significant reforms?
William Ewart Gladstone
What was the impact of the 19th-century revolutions on European monarchies?
Many monarchies were challenged and some were overthrown.
