Unit 4 (Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments) Flashcards
Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
A period from the 16th to the 18th century characterized by advancements in scientific thought and the emergence of modern science.
Who is considered the father of modern physics?
Galileo Galilei.
True or False: The heliocentric model of the solar system was proposed by Copernicus.
True.
Fill in the blank: Isaac Newton’s work, ‘_____’, laid the foundation for classical mechanics.
Principia Mathematica.
What major philosophical movement emerged during the Enlightenment?
Rationalism and empiricism.
Who wrote ‘The Social Contract’?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Which political ideology emphasizes individual rights and freedoms?
Liberalism.
What was the primary focus of Enlightenment thinkers?
Reason and individualism as opposed to tradition.
True or False: The French Revolution was influenced by Enlightenment ideas.
True.
Who is known for the phrase ‘I think, therefore I am’?
René Descartes.
What is empiricism?
The theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a key figure of the Scientific Revolution? A) Newton B) Galileo C) Rousseau
C) Rousseau.
What concept did John Locke introduce regarding government?
The idea of the social contract and natural rights.
Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire advocated for _____ and freedom of speech.
tolerance.
What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
The Storming of the Bastille in 1789.
True or False: The Enlightenment led to the questioning of monarchies and absolute rule.
True.
Who proposed the idea of checks and balances in government?
Montesquieu.
What does the term ‘empiricism’ emphasize?
The role of experience and evidence in forming ideas.
Which revolution is associated with the rise of Enlightenment ideals and led to the establishment of a democratic government in France?
The French Revolution.
Multiple Choice: Which philosopher is associated with the idea of the ‘noble savage’? A) Voltaire B) Rousseau C) Hobbes
B) Rousseau.
What significant document emerged from the Enlightenment that emphasized human rights?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Fill in the blank: The idea of ‘natural rights’ was primarily developed by _____
John Locke.
True or False: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment were completely unrelated.
False.
What was the primary impact of the Enlightenment on European society?
It fostered a culture of intellectual and philosophical inquiry that challenged traditional authority.
