Unit 7 Flashcards
welfare
رفاه
compulsory
something that is compulsory must be done because it is the law or because someone in authority orders you to → voluntary
the threat of compulsory redundancies
compulsory schooling/education
11 years of compulsory education
Car insurance is compulsory.
اجباری
tutor
teacher
looking after
مراقبت از
encourage
تشویق کردن
extra-curricular
فوق برنامه
bore
1-past tense of bear
2-bore from boring
3-aphids bore the grains.
like whole
تحمل کردن
collaborative
همکاری
practical
کاربردی
lenient
not strict in the way you punish someone or in the standard you expect
the lenient sentences handed down by some judges
School examiners say that marking has become more lenient in recent years.
strict
سختگیری
peer
formal your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc
American children did less well in math than their peers in Japan.
Staff members are trained by their peers.
همتا
sat
took an exam
appearance
the way someone or something looks to other people
He was always criticising his wife’s appearance.
appearance of
They’ve changed the appearance of the whole building.
We are often attracted to somebody first by their physical appearance.
Women, in general, tend to be more concerned than men about their personal appearance.
She had an outward appearance of calm, but deep down she was really worried.
The metal posts spoiled the appearance of the garden.
A garnish helps to enhance the appearance of any dish.
She’s the kind of woman who takes pride in her appearance.
You shouldn’t judge by appearances.
They work hard at school without giving the appearance of being particularly hard-working.
The case had all the appearances of a straightforward murder.
The pupils looked angelic – but appearances can be deceptive.
He was, to all appearances, a respectable, successful businessman.
continuous
continuing to happen or exist without stopping → continue
continuous economic growth
a continuous flow of information
مداوم
assessment
a process in which you make a judgment about a person or situation, or the judgment you make
assessment of
What’s Michael’s assessment of the situation?
a reading assessment test
ارزیابی
individual
شخصی ، انفرادی
coped
to succeed in dealing with a difficult problem or situation
Sometimes I find it hard to cope.
He coped quite well as manager while still captaining the team
مقابله کردن
rote learning
یادگیری طوطی وار
versus
opposite
dull
not interesting or exciting
Life is never dull when Elizabeth is here.
a dull movie
It sounded pretty dull to me.
The weekly meeting tends to be deadly dull (=very dull).
Last week we had a hurricane. Never a dull moment running a hotel in the Caribbean (=it’s always interesting or exciting).
کسل کننده
bump
دست انداز
bumped
to hit or knock against something
bump against
I ran after him, bumping against people in my hurry.
ضربه خوردن
turned up
show up , coming
حضور یافتن
hilarious
extremely funny
a hilarious story
straight away
immediately or without delay
I phoned my mum straight away.
after all
in spite of what you thought was true or expected to happen
He wrote to say they couldn’t give me a job after all.
Union leaders announced that they would, after all, take part in the national conference.
b) used to say that something should be remembered or considered, because it helps to explain what you have just said
Prisoners should be treated with respect – they are human beings after all.
I don’t know why you’re so concerned – it isn’t your problem after all.
در هر صورت
ceremony
مراسم
arranged
to organize or make plans for something such as a meeting, party, or trip
Contact your local branch to arrange an appointment.
I’d like to arrange a business loan.
breakages
شکستگی ها
tuition
شهریه
refunds
an amount of money that is given back to you if you are not satisfied with the goods or services that you have paid for
They refused to give me a refund.
Return your purchase within 14 days for a full refund.
You should go down there and demand a refund.
expense
the amount of money that you spend on something
He borrowed £150,000 and used the money for legal expenses.
Conference rooms were equipped at great expense.
هزینه
accommodation
a place for someone to stay, live, or work
The price for the holiday includes flights and accommodation.
living accommodations for the crews
travel and hotel accommodations
rented accommodation
secure accommodation for young offenders
Universities have to provide student accommodation for first-year students.
محل اقامت
outstanding
didn’t payed
enrol
to officially arrange to join a school, university, or course, or to arrange for someone else to do this
Register
prior
existing or arranged before something else or before the present situation SYN previous
You do not need any prior knowledge of the subject.
Changes may not be made without the prior approval of the council.
Vegetarian meals are provided by prior agreement.
Some prior experience with the software is needed.
پیشین ، قبلی
admission
a statement in which you admit that something is true or that you have done something wrong SYN confession
admission that
The Senator’s admission that he had lied to Congress shocked many Americans.
admission of guilt/defeat/failure etc
Silence is often interpreted as an admission of guilt.
Reese, by his own admission, lacks the necessary experience.
پذیرش و اعتراف
circumstances
the conditions that affect a situation, action, event etc
The Soviet Union had been forced by circumstances to sign a pact with Nazi Germany.
I can’t imagine a circumstance in which I would be willing to steal.
موقعیت
lies in the reliance on
The concept of driving a car lies in the reliance
به چیزی وابستگی داشتن
monotonous
boring because of always being the same
a monotonous diet
a little boy who wet his bed with monotonous regularity
boring
یکنواخت، خسته کننده
absorbing
enjoyable and interesting, and keeping your attention for a long time
an absorbing hobby
جذب کننده
assertive
behaving in a confident way, so that people notice you► see thesaurus at confident
enthusiasm
a strong feeling of interest and enjoyment about something and an eagerness to be involved in it
Gillian and Darren greeted the speakers with great enthusiasm.
We went along to the local diving club, full of enthusiasm.
They go about their tasks with little enthusiasm.
enthusiasm for
Britain’s apparent lack of enthusiasm for such a scheme
Employers showed little enthusiasm for the new regulations.
He shares your enthusiasm for jazz.
I left university fired with enthusiasm for work.
A delay of two hours did not dampen their enthusiasm.
اشتیاق
debate
discussion
greet
to say hello to someone or welcome them
Belinda greeted her warmly.
indicated
to show that a particular situation exists, or that something is likely to be true
indicate (that)
Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.
Long skid marks on the pavement indicated the driver had attempted to brake.
The study indicates a connection between poverty and crime.
nevertheless
in spite of a fact that you have just mentioned SYN nonetheless
What you said was true. It was, nevertheless, a little unkind.
با این اوصاف
courteous
polite and showing respect for other people OPP discourteous
The staff are always courteous and helpful.
a courteous reply
polite
inappropriate
not suitable or right for a particular purpose or in a particular situation OPP appropriate
wholly/totally/completely etc inappropriate
His comments were wholly inappropriate on such a solemn occasion.
it is inappropriate (for somebody) to do something
It would be inappropriate for me to comment until we know more of the facts.
inappropriate for
an inappropriate gift for a child
inappropriate to
marketing techniques that are totally inappropriate to education
recitation
reading
بازگو کردن
شرح دادن
literary
relating to literature
a literary prize
literary criticism (=the study of the methods used in writing literature)
accomplishment
something successful or impressive that is achieved after a lot of effort and hard work SYN achievement
Cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment.
It was a major accomplishment for a player who had been injured so recently.
دستاورد
persuade
to make someone decide to do something, especially by giving them reasons why they should do it, or asking them many times to do it
persuade somebody to do something
I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a drink with me.
persuade somebody into doing something
Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t want.
try/manage/fail to persuade somebody
I’m trying to persuade your dad to buy some shares.
attempt/effort to persuade somebody
Leo wouldn’t agree, despite our efforts to persuade him.
little/a lot of/no persuading
He took a lot of persuading to come out of retirement (=it was hard to persuade him).
He was fairly easily persuaded.
متقاعد کردن
initiative
the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do
I wish my son would show more initiative.
Don’t keep asking me for advice. Use your initiative.
Lt. Carlos was not obeying orders. He acted on his own initiative (=he was not told what to do).
ابتکار عمل
