unit 7 Flashcards
- Contemporary Existentialist philosopher
- He believe that there are two kinds of freedom
GABRIEL MARCEL
two kinds of freedom
freedom of choice and
fundamental option
probably our common sense understanding of freedom. Essentially, it is the ability to choose between goodsThis type of freedom is called horizontal freedom because when exercising it, we are choosing between more or less similargoods.
Freedom of choice
our general direction or orientation in life. This type of freedom is also called vertical freedom because some values are higher than others
Fundamental option
- An early twentieth century German philosopher. He believed that love means preferring higher values and hate or egoism is the preference of lower values
MAX SCHELER
He believed that human beings are ends-in-themselves, that no one exists to simply be used by other people, as if they were an object
IMMANUEL KANT
He argues that this lawless world is the state of nature and that rational beings would logically want to change such a system.
THOMAS HOBBES
The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed the idea of _____, which isn’t
exactly a moral code, but more of the notion that good and righteous actions are the
result of a person’s good character.
VIRTUE THEORY
a number of philosophers have proposed the idea of ____ as Equality is the belief that
everyone, regardless or background, should receive the same kind and amount of
material and economic possessions.
JUSTICE
- A Contemporary American philosopher He believed that Justice is Fairness,
that it is based on the needs of individuals.
o In effect, the inequalities in our social systems should benefit those who are least welloff.
o If an individual needs help, he should be given that help in order to get up on his feet
and improve from there
JOHN RAWLS
