Unit 7

Question 1

appetitive phase

Answer 1

active searching process before consummatory behavior, indicative of desire for food

Question 2

behavioral phenotyping

Answer 2

features of a disorder

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

learning a new behavior via process of association; 2 stimuli linked together to produce newly learned response

Question 4

consummatory phase

Answer 4

final response in achieving a goal

Question 5

drinkometer

Answer 5

apparatus for recording fluid consumption

Question 6

drug screening

Answer 6

simple responses

Question 7

eatometer

Answer 7

apparatus for recording amount of food consumed

Question 8

fixed action patterns

Answer 8

predictable series of actions triggered by a stimulus

Question 9

fixed interval schedule

Answer 9

first response is rewarded only after a specific amount of time has passed

Question 10

fixed ratio schedule

Answer 10

reinforcement after an average number of responses has occurred

Question 11

harderian secretion

Answer 11

secretion from glands in the eyes; indicator that rat is subjected to one or more stressors including an illness

Question 12

instrumental conditioning

Answer 12

individual makes association between behavior and consequence

Question 13

morris water maze

Answer 13

used to study spatial learning and memory

Question 14

open field test

Answer 14

measures exploratory behavior, general motor activity, anxiety

Question 15

operant conditioning

Answer 15

associative learning; strength of behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment

Question 16

placing response

Answer 16

assesses proprioceptive abilities; can determine motor deficits or damage to sensory pathways

Question 17

ptosis

Answer 17

drooping of eyelids due to nerve/muscle problems

Question 18

radial arm maze

Answer 18

measures spatial learning and memory; working memory

Question 19

righting response

Answer 19

righting reflex; corrects orientation of body when taken out of normal position

Question 20

rotarod

Answer 20

measures coordinated motor activity

Question 21

tail flick test

Answer 21

withdrawal reflex

Question 22

tremor

Answer 22

involuntary and uncontrollable shaking of the body or body parts

Question 23

variable interval schedule

Answer 23

reinforcement where response is rewarded after unpredictable time has passed

Question 24

variable ratio schedule

Answer 24

behavior is reinforced after a random number of responses

Question 25

withdrawal reflex

Answer 25

spinal reflex to protect body from damaging stimuli; tail-flick test

Question 26

antisense

Answer 26

prevents translation of RNA into proteins

Question 27

arteriogram

Answer 27

visualizes inside of blood vessels and organs to observe flow and find blockages

Question 28

aspiration lesion

Answer 28

withdrawal of fluid from lesion

Question 29

autoradiography

Answer 29

tracks decay emissions from radioactive substances using x-rays

Question 30

bioassay

Answer 30

response of biological tissue to determine amount of substance needed

Question 31

brain atlas

Answer 31

shape and location of brain regions in a common coordinate space

Question 32

chemical assay

Answer 32

physical detection method to determine amount of substance needed

Question 33

chemical brain stimulation

Answer 33

chemicals administered to discrete areas on the brain can be measured

Question 34

CAT scan

Answer 34

many x-ray images combined

Question 35

electrical brain stimulation

Answer 35

electrodes placed on brain to send electricity continuously or at different times to stimulate the brain

Question 36

electroencephalagram

Answer 36

x-ray of brain after replacing CSF with air or oxygen to show brain cavities

Question 37

encephalogram

Answer 37

image of brain activity

Question 38

electrolytic lesion

Answer 38

destroys surrounding tissue

Question 39

excitotoxic lesion

Answer 39

cells become overactive and die, cell bodies destroyed while fibers are still in tact

Question 40

immunocytochemistry

Answer 40

anatomically locates specific protein/antigen using binding antibody

Question 41

in situ hybridization

Answer 41

applying complementary strand of nucleic acid to locate specific segment

Question 42

MRI

Answer 42

calculates electrical charge to spinning atoms

Question 43

microdialysis

Answer 43

continuous measurement of chemical concentrations

Question 44

PET scan

Answer 44

assesses functional brain activity while performing tasks; fast-decaying radioactive substances injected into bloodstream for localization

Question 45

radiofrequency lesion

Answer 45

disruption of nerve signals

Question 46

radioimmunoassay

Answer 46

use of radiolabeled ligand to determine amount of substance needed

Question 47

standard curve

Answer 47

graph used as for quantitative research; many samples on one graph

Question 48

stereotaxic surgery

Answer 48

find landmarks on skull and coordinates map to determine where to drill holes