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Psychopharmacology > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

activated microglia

A

become activated following exposure to PAMPs and DAMPs and the removal of immune-suppressive signals; secrete destructive molecules and become phagocytes

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2
Q

acute phase response

A

binds to surface of bacteria to mark for phagocytes

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3
Q

adrenal cortex

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone)
mineralocorticoid (aldosterone)

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4
Q

adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine
norepinephrine

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5
Q

adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

A

tropic hormone, stimulated by CRH; target is adrenal cortex on kidney

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6
Q

anterior pituitary

A

adenohypophysis; Rathke’s pouch invaginates the back of pituitary gland to become anterior pituitary

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7
Q

autocrine cell

A

affects receptors on presynaptic terminal (same cell)

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8
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

includes sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; regulates physiological processes

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9
Q

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF)

A

released in anterior pituitary, stimulates release of ACTH

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10
Q

cytokines

A

small proteins that signal other cells to affect their function

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11
Q

exocrine

A

secreted into ducts to be carried into adjacent target organs/external environment

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12
Q

homeostasis

A

regulates the internal environment of the body so it remains stable and relatively constant

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13
Q

inflammatory response

A

tissue damage carries bacteria, wounded cells release chemicals that stimulate mast cells which release histamine, histamine increases capillary blood flow and permeability…phagocytes leave caps and ingest bacteria and dead cells

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14
Q

lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes make antibodies; T lymphocytes kill tumor cells and help control immune responses

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15
Q

macrophage

A

initiates inflammation by releasing cytokines to activate other cells

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16
Q

mast cells

A

releases histamine

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17
Q

microglia

A

immune cells in CNS for inflammation

18
Q

negative feedback

A

increased output from system INHIBITS future production

19
Q

paracrine cell

A

signals diffuse through extracellular space to nearby target cells; closer cells = best response

20
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

efferent system; cell bodies in brain stem and sacral area

21
Q

pheromone

A

carry message from one individual in a species to another individual in the same species

22
Q

pituitary gland

A

major endocrine gland

23
Q

postganglionic fiber

A

nonmyelinated; long in SNS, short in PNS

24
Q

preganglionic neurons

A

myelinated; short in SNS, long in PNS

25
Q

sympathetic chain

A

located just lateral to spinal cord

26
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

cell bodies come from thoracolumbar region

27
Q

atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist at post ganglionic siste

28
Q

catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

A

enzyme that can degrade DA and NE, with MAO

29
Q

dopa

A

comes from tyrosine, forms dopamine with dopa decarboxylase

30
Q

dopamine

A

from dopa and sometimes tyrosine (w/tyrosine hydroxylase), forms norepinephrine w/dopamine beta-hydroxylase

31
Q

hexamethonium

A

nicotinic antagonist at postganglionic site

32
Q

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

A

enzyme that can degrade DA and NE, with COMT

33
Q

muscarine

A

muscarinic agonist at ganglion

34
Q

muscarinic receptor antagonist

A

atropine

35
Q

nicotine

A

nicotinic agonist at ganglion

36
Q

nicotinic receptor antagonist

A

hexamethonium

37
Q

norepinephrine

A

from dopamine and sometimes tyrosine, forms epinephrine; SNS neurotransmitter on postganglionic fiber

38
Q

oxytocin

A

released from posterior pituitary; stimulates mammillary glands to produce milk

39
Q

tyrosine

A

from phenylalanine, forms dopa w/tyrosine hydroxylase, can form NE or DA

40
Q

vasopressin

A

ADH; regulates body fluid; released from pituitary gland

Psychopharmacology (4 decks)

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