Unit 6 Universe Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Apparent magnitude

A

The brightness of a star as seen from earth

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2
Q

Big Bang theory

A

The theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that 13-15 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions

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3
Q

Cosmic microwave background(CMB)

A

The electromagnetic radiation left over from the formation of the universe

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4
Q

Doppler effect

A

An observed change in frequency or wavelength when the source is moving with respect to the observer

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5
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

All of the different wavelengths and frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays

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6
Q

Galaxy

A

A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

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7
Q

H-R diagram (Hertzsprung- Russell diagram)

A

A graph that shows the relationship between a stars surface temperature and absolute magnitude

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8
Q

Light year

A

The distance that light travels in one year; about 9.46 trillion km

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9
Q

Luminosity

A

The actual brightness of an object such as a star

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10
Q

Main sequence

A

The region on the H-R diagram where stars spend most of their lives; it has a diagonal pattern

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11
Q

Nebula

A

A large cloud of dust and gas in interstellar space; stars are born here

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12
Q

Planet

A

A relatively large spherical body that orbits a star

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13
Q

Neutron star

A

The core of a supernova that has collapsed under gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons

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14
Q

Pulsar

A

A highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation

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15
Q

Red shift

A

A phenomenon which occurs when a star of galaxy is moving away from the earth and its wavelengths emitted are stretched out due to the Doppler effect

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16
Q

Revolution

A

The motion of a body that travels around another body in space

17
Q

Rotation

A

The spin of a body on its axis

18
Q

Solar system

A

A collection of large and small bodies that orbit our central star, the sun

19
Q

Spectroscope

A

A tool used to collect light from stars and separate the colors in the light

20
Q

Star

A

A large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light; the sun is a typical star

21
Q

Supernova

A

A gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space, but its core remains

22
Q

Universe

A

Space and all the matter and energy in it

23
Q

Wave length

A

The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs of a wave

24
Q

White dwarf

A

The hot, dense , dim core of matter remains from the collapse of a lowmass star

25
Q

Spiral galaxy

A

A galaxy shaped like a pin wheel, with a center bulge and spiral arms extending outwards

26
Q

Elliptical Galaxy

A

A spherical or elongated Galaxy with a bright center and very little dust and gas

27
Q

Irregular Galaxy

A

A Galaxy with an irregular shape and doesn’t fit in any oh her category

28
Q

Absolute magnitude

A

A brightness scale used to measure how bright a star would be if it were seen from a standard distance