Unit 6 - topic 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

gene expression

A

prokaryotes and eukaryotes must be able to regulate which genes are expressed at any given time

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2
Q

genes can be turned

A

“on” or “off” based on environmental and internal cues

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3
Q

on/off refers to

A

whether or not transcription will take place
allows for cell specialization

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4
Q

operons

A

group of genes that can be turned on or off

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5
Q

operons have

A

three parts

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6
Q

promoter

A

where RNA polymerase can attach

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7
Q

operator

A

on/off switch

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8
Q

genes

A

code for related enzymes in pathway

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9
Q

operons can be

A

repressible or inducible

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10
Q

repressible (on/off)

A

transcription is usually ON, but can be repressed (stopped)

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11
Q

inducible (off to on)

A

transcription is usually OFF, but can be induced (started)

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12
Q

regulatory gene

A
  • produces a repressor protein that binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase from transcribing the gene
  • always expressed, but at low levels
  • binding of a repressor to an operator is reversible
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13
Q

allosteric activator

A

substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the shape of the enzyme so that the active sites remain open

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14
Q

allosteric inhibitor

A

substrate binds to allosteric site and stabilizes the enzyme shape so that the active sites are closed (inactive form)

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15
Q

inhibitor/respressor

A

allosteric site

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16
Q

substrate

A

active site