Unit 6 - Gene Expression and Regulation - topic 1

Question 1

in the 1950’s Rosalind Franklin performed _______ of DNA

Answer 1

X-Ray Crystallography

Question 2

Edwin Chargaff found that

Answer 2

amount of adenine = amt of thymine
amount of cytosine = amt of guanine

Question 3

purines

Answer 3

double ring structure
A, G

Question 4

pyrimidines

Answer 4

single ring structure
C, U, T

Question 5

hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

what base pairs are held together by

Question 6

adenine and thymine have

Answer 6

two hydrogen bonds

Question 7

cytosine and guanine have

Answer 7

three hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Rosalind Franklin found

Answer 8

helix shape

Question 9

Chargaff found

Answer 9

base pairing

Question 10

Watson and Crick combined the findings of Franklin and Chargaff to create the first

Answer 10

3D double helix model of DNA

Question 11

DNA is a

Answer 11

double stranded helix

Question 12

backbone

Answer 12

sugar-phosphate

Question 13

DNA strands are

Answer 13

antiparallel
one strand runs 5’ to 3’, other runs in opposite (3’ to 5’)

Question 14

5’ end

Answer 14

free phosphate group

Question 15

3’ end

Answer 15

free hydroxyl group

Question 16

DNA is a primary source of

Answer 16

heritable information

Question 17

genetic information is

Answer 17

stored in and passes from one generation to the next through DNA

Question 18

exception to key function of DNA

Answer 18

RNA is the primary source of heritable information in some viruses

Question 19

eukaryotic cells

Answer 19

DNA found in nucleus
linear chromosomes

Question 20

prokaryotic cells

Answer 20

DNA is in nucleoid region
chromosomes are circular

Question 21

prokaryotes (and some eukaryotes) also contain

Answer 21

plasmids

Question 22

plasmids replicate

Answer 22

independently from the chromosomal DNA

Question 23

plasmids

Answer 23

small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomes

Question 24

plasmids contain genes that may be

Answer 24

useful to the prokaryote when it is in a particular environment, but may not be required for survival

Question 25

plasmids can be

Answer 25

manipulated in laboratories

Question 26

plasmids can be removed from

Answer 26

bacteria, then a gene of interest can be inserted into the plasmid to form recombinant plasmid DNA

Question 27

when the recombinant plasmid is inserted back into the bacteria

Answer 27

the gene will be expressed

Question 28

bacteria can

Answer 28

exchange genes found on plasmids with neighboring bacteria

Question 29

once DNA is exchanged

Answer 29

the bacteria can express the genes acquired. helps with survival of prokaryotes

Question 30

RNA

Answer 30

ribonucleic acid
contains ribose
single stranded
A=U and C=G

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

deoxyribonucleic acid
doesn’t contain ribose
double stranded
A=T and C=G