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AP Euro > Unit 6 Test > Flashcards

Unit 6 Test Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Characteristics of Nationalism

A

People joined by common language, customs, culture, and history; should be under the same government

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2
Q

Nationalism’s conflict with principles of the Congress of Vienna

A

Protested multinational states; domestic and international order was challenged; no dynastic rule over area, rule should be based on ethinicity

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3
Q

Difficulties of Nationalism

A

Deciding which ethnic group could be nations, big enough to have a good economy, sufficient military, a common national language.. etc.

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4
Q

Regions of 19th century nationalistic pressure

A

Britain, Germany, Italy, Poland, Eastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula

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5
Q

Definitions of Liberals according to Conservatives

A

Anyone or anything that challenged their own political, social or religious values

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6
Q

Political goals of 19th century liberals

A

Tried to limit the governments power over the people; legal equality, religious toleration, and freedom of the press

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7
Q

19th century liberals and the origins of their ideas

A

British Model (religious toleration, capitalism, stable government, constitution), Enlightenment, and Principles of 1789

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8
Q

Economic goals of 19th century liberals

A

Removal of international tariffs; manufacture and sell goods freely; opposed to guild system and government regulation

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9
Q

Major pillars of 19th century conservatism

A

1) Throne (Legitimate Monarchies)
2) Land (Landed Aristocracies)
3) Altar (Established Churches)

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10
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A

Leading conservative; architect of Congress of Vienna; Dynastic Integrity; Austrian

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11
Q

Burschenschaftens

A

Radical college frats in Germany, protested; banned by Carlsbad Decrees

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12
Q

The Spa Field Riots

A

December 1816, mass meeting in Spa Fields outside London; ended in creation of Coercion Acts, temporarily suspended habeas corpus

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13
Q

The Peterloo Massacre

A

August 1819, mass meeting at Saint Peter’s Fields; suppressed by local militia, 11 killed, more injured

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14
Q

The Six Acts

A

1) Forbade public gatherings
2) Raised fines for seditious libel
3) Speedy trial for instigators
4) Raised newspaper taxes
5) Right of Search and Seizure
6) No troop training

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15
Q

Louis XVIII as monarch

A

The Charter; ultraroyalism; Bourbon, preceded Napoleon

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16
Q

Major Powers of Congress of Vienna

A

Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain

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17
Q

Concert of Europe

A

Congress system with a goal to maintain balance of power in Europe

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18
Q

Ferdinand VIII’s rule after the fall of Napoleon

A

Bourbon, ruled Spain; said he would rule constitutionally

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19
Q

Demands of the Treaty of London

A

Turkish recognition of Greek independence

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20
Q

Spark of independence movements throughout Latin America

A

French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars

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21
Q

Toussaint L’Overture impact on Latin American Independence

A

Began the revolt for Haitian slave independence

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22
Q

Haitian slave rebellion

A

1st successful assault on colonial government in Latin America; started by Toussaint L’Overture

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23
Q

Tsar Alexander I and his successor

A

Died suddenly, led to a dynastic crisis, Nicholas I ends as new Tsar, he gave boyar and streltsy rights, wanted separation from west

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24
Q

Event that exposed the backwardness of Russia to its soldiers

A

When Russian forces defeated Napoleon, they were introduced to ideas of Enlightenment and Revolution

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25
Q

Tsar Alexander I and political reforms

A

Abandoned liberal reforms for autocratic rule; conservative Tsar with no westernization

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26
Q

The Northern and Southern Societies

A

Northern - wanted constitutional monarchy, more moderate

Southern - led by Pestel, split from Northern Society

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27
Q

Nicholas I views on serfdom

A

Bad; but it would be worse to have charge and abolish it

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28
Q

Slogan of Tsar Nicholas

A

“Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationalism”

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29
Q

Uniqueness/significance of the Decembrist Revolt

A

1st organized public rebellion with an agenda

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30
Q

Russian Tsar and infringements upon other countries

A

Russia tried to control Poland, took control, Russian Tsar wanted to run Poland as a Russian Mini State

31
Q

Four Ordinances

A

1) Restricted freedom of press
2) Dissolved Chamber of Deputies
3) Limited franchise to wealthy
4) New elections

32
Q

Charles X and his domestic policies

A

No constitutional rule; divine right; indemnify Chamber of Peers (via Chamber of Deputies); restores primogeniture; punished sacrilege

33
Q

Facts about Louis Philippe

A

Tricolor flag instead of Bourbon flag; King of the French, liberal, no censorship, anticlerical; declared Catholicism religion of majority, not “official religion”

34
Q

Great Reform Bill and its impact on the English electorate

A

Extended vote to 50%; helped avoid revolution

35
Q

Daniel O’Connell

A

Irish Nationalist

36
Q

Great Britain and its support for independence in Latin America

A

Commercial reasons

37
Q

Major events taking place in 1830

A

July Revolution; Charles X abdicates; Greece recognized as independent sovereignty in Treaty of London; Belgian Revolt; Polish Revolt

38
Q

Where the Industrial Revolution encouraged Britain to invest in the early 19th century

A

Capital goods and Luxury goods; railway and factories

39
Q

Population growth in Britain, France, and Germany by mid 19th century

A

Britain:
France: 42 million to 46 million
Germany:

40
Q

Impact on cities due to 19th century urbanization

A

Put pressure on physical resources, caused more slums, crime, pollution, disease and prostitution

41
Q

Emancipation of serfs in France, Prussia, Austria and Russia

A

France: 1789
Prussia: 1807
Austria: 1848
Russia: 1861

42
Q

Causes and effects of the Irish Famine of 1845-1849

A

Caused by drought, blight (potato disease), laws restricting Irish Catholics, and dependency of the potato
Effected mainly the Irish population, which dropped 1.5 million, and mass emigration, many Irish people moving to America

43
Q

Results of railway improvements on consumer economy

A

Cheaper and faster passage of raw materials and finished products

44
Q

Limits of workers in the new labor marketplace

A

Varied and diverse

45
Q

Proletarianization

A

Working class who work for a wage

46
Q

Chartist reform movement/measures

A

The Peoples Charter; 6 reforms; get political, social reforms, and economic reforms

47
Q

British Chartism

A

Most movements ultimately failed

48
Q

Purpose behind construction of the Crystal Palace

A

Great Exhibition of 1851; symbolized peace, and that industry doesn’t equal a dirtier world and manual labor

49
Q

Relationship between husbands and wives in early factories

A

Wife employed as the assistant, Husband was the foreman

50
Q

English Factory Act of 1833

A

Forbade employment of children under the age of 9; only 9 hours of work for children, 2 hours of school

51
Q

Work hours after 1847

A

Adults limited to 10 hours of work

52
Q

Classes which experienced division of labor into gender specific roles

A

Working class

53
Q

Requirements of new jobs for women in textile factories

A

unmarried, unskilled labor, supervised by man

54
Q

Women and employment in France

A

Worked the land, agriculture

55
Q

First organized police force

A

France in 1828, England in 1829

56
Q

Trends of criminal activity in Europe

A

Gradually, but steadily going up

57
Q

Reason British criminals sent to Australia

A

Was an alternative to capital punishment

58
Q

The Auburn System and Philadelphia System

A

Auburn: Criminals could be together in the day, but separated in cells at night

59
Q

Classical Economists and economic growth

A

Achieved through competitive free enterprise

60
Q

Classical Economists and the roles of government

A

laissez-faire economics; tax, protected trade tariffs

61
Q

Thomas Malthus, Essay on the Principle of Population and his views

A

Population will always exceed resources; point of crisis

62
Q

David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy and his views

A

Iron Laws of Wages (cycle)

63
Q

Jeremy Bentham and Utilitarianism

A

The greatest good for the greatest # of people

64
Q

Utopian socialist movements

A

idealistic, anti-capitalism, radical sexuality

65
Q

Count Claude Henri de Saint Simon

A

Technocracy, wealth managed by experts not owners

66
Q

Anarchists

A

rejected industry, government, and capitalism

67
Q

Karl Marx and the Communist Manifesto

A

Capitalism = class conflict = dictatorship = classless society

68
Q

Sources of inspiration for the Communist Manifesto

A

Hegel (thesis, etc.), utopian socialists

69
Q

Regions of revolution in 1848

A

Austrian Empire, France

70
Q

Makeup of revolutionaries in 1848

A

Nationalists, working class, liberal

71
Q

Results of 1848-1849 revolutions

A

conservative, order shaken but doesn’t topple, “False Spring”

72
Q

Louis Philippe and his confrontations with the public

A

February Days - forbids political banquets, workers march on palace, Guizot resigns, king abdicates

73
Q

Origin of 1848 Revolutions

A

Spreads from France, randomly

74
Q

Actions of the Hungarians during the Magyar Revolution

A

march laws passed; freedom of press trial by jury, practice religion, extension of franchise

AP Euro (4 decks)

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