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Anatomy and Physiology > Unit 6: Skeletal system and joints > Flashcards

Unit 6: Skeletal system and joints Flashcards

1
Q

Select ALL of the characteristics of human bone:

  • Matrix has a rubbery, or gel-like consistency
  • Matrix has a fluid consistency
  • Matrix has a hard, solid, compact consistency
  • All sub-types are avascular
  • All sub-types are vascular
  • Some sub-types are vascular and some are avascular
  • Contains collagen fibers
  • Contains elastic fibers
  • Houses red marrow in the spaces between trabeculae
  • Decreases in density when exposed to stress/load
  • Increases in density when exposed to stress/load
  • Produced by chondrocytes
  • Produced by osteocytes
A

????? - Matrix has a hard, solid, compact consistency

  • All sub-types are vascular
  • Contains collagen fibers
  • Houses red marrow in the spaces between trabeculae
  • Increases in density when exposed to stress/load

-Produced by osteocytes

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2
Q

What type of tissue is the strongest, but least flexible cartilage?

A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Elastic cartilage
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Reticular connective tissue

A

C. Fibrocartilag

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3
Q

What type of tissue makes up the larynx, also known as the voice box, or Adam’s apple?

A. Elastic cartilage
B. Reticular connective tissue
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Hyaline cartilage

A

D. Hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

What type of tissue is sandwiched between the pubic bones to form the pubic symphysis?

A. Fibrocartilage
B. Hyaline cartilage
C. Elastic cartilage
D. Reticular connective tissue

A

A. Fibrocartilage

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5
Q

What type of tissue functions as a shock absorber and resists compression and tension?

A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Reticular connective tissue
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Elastic cartilage

A

C. Fibrocartilage

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6
Q

What type of tissue makes up the intervertebral discs?

A. Elastic cartilage
B. Reticular connective tissue
C. Hyaline cartilage
D. Fibrocartilage

A

D. Fibrocartilage

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7
Q

What type of tissue is worn down with overuse, or excessive wear and tear on joints, leading to osteoarthritis?

A. Fibrocartilage
B. Elastic cartilage
C. Reticular connective tissue
D. Hyaline cartilage

A

D. Hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

What type of tissue forms the initial fetal skeleton?

A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Elastic cartilage
C. Reticular connective tissue
D. Fibrocartilage

A

A. Hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

What type of tissue covers the ends of articulating bones?

A. Areolar connective tissue
B. Hyaline cartilage
C. Reticular connective tissue
D. Fibrocartilage

A

B. Hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

Select ALL of the characteristics of skeletal cartilages:

  • Matrix has a rubbery, or gel-like consistency
  • Matrix has a fluid consistency
  • Matrix has a hard, solid, compact consistency
  • All sub-types are avascular
  • All sub-types are vascular
  • Some sub-types are vascular and some are avascular
  • Contains collagen fibers
  • Contains elastic fibers
  • Contains reticular fibers
  • Slow regeneration and recovery from trauma/injury
  • Rapid regeneration and recovery from trauma/injury
  • Produced by chondrocytes
  • Produced by osteocytes
  • Lacks nerves
A

???? - Matrix has a rubbery, or gel-like consistency

  • All sub-types are avascular
  • Contains collagen fibers
  • Contains elastic fibers
  • Slow regeneration and recovery from trauma/injury
  • Produced by chondrocytes
  • Lacks nerves
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11
Q

Which bone is the site of the ear and hearing apparatus?

A. Maxilla
B. Occipital bone
C. Temporal
D. Frontal bone

A

C. Temporal

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12
Q

Which of the following bones forms the cheek bones?

A. Sphenoid
B.Nasal
C. Ethmoid
D. Zygomatic
E. Mandible
F. Palatine

A

D. Zygomatic

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13
Q

Which of the following bones forms the posterior of the hard palate?

A. Zygomatic
B. Palatine
C. Sphenoid
D. Mandible
E. Nasal
F. Ethmoid

A

B. Palatine

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14
Q

Which of the following bones forms the lower movable jaw?

A. Ethmoid
B. Nasal
C. Mandible
D. Sphenoid
E. Palatine
F. Zygomatic

A

C. Mandible

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15
Q

Which bone is positioned to protect the heart and mediastinum cavity?

A. Cervical vertebrae
B. Coccyx
C. Stenum
D. Sacrum

A

C. Stenum

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16
Q

Which of the following bones articulate along the sagittal plane?

A. Mandible and maxilla
B. R and L Temporal
C. R and L Parietal
D. Ethmoid
E. Sphenoid
F. R Zygomatic and R Temporal

A

C. R and L Parietal

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17
Q

Which bone makes up the superior edge of the eye orbit (socket)?

A. Maxilla
B. Occipital bone
C. Temporal
D. Frontal bone

A

D. Frontal Bone

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18
Q

Which of the following bones has its superior edge in the base of the cranium and its inferior edge in the nasal septum?

A. Sphenoid
B. Parietal
C. Ethmoid
D. Nasal
E. Palatine
F. Zygomatic

A

C. Ethmoid

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19
Q

Which of the following bones has the pivot point which allows the head to rotate?

A. Axis
B. Sternum
C. Atlas
D. Hyoid

A

A. Axis

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20
Q

Which of the following bones articulates with the occipital bone and supports the weight of the skull?

A. Temporal
B. Atlas
C. Ethmoid
D. Sphenoid

A

B. Atlas

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21
Q

what are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

A

axial and appendicular

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22
Q

what mineral is cruical for muscle contraction and nerve conduction?

A

calcium

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23
Q

what are blood cells produced in the body?

A

red bone maroow

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24
Q

what hormone increase calcium levels in the blood

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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25
Q

what type of joint is the shoulder?

A

ball-and-socket joint

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26
Q

what bone forms the lower jaw

A

mandible

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27
Q

what is the main function of osteoclasts

A

to resorb bone

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28
Q

which bone is known as the “collarbone”

A

clavicle

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29
Q

what is the name of the cavity that holds the head of the humerus

A

glenoid cavity

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30
Q

what is the name of the large hole in the occipital bone

A

foramen magnum

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31
Q

what bones form the pelvic girdle

A

illium, ischium, and pubis

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32
Q

what condition describes a lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

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33
Q

what is the lagrest bone in the human body

A

femur

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34
Q

which vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption

A

vitamin D

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35
Q

what s the name of the growth plate in long bones

A

epiphyseal plate

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36
Q

what i sthe name of the disease caused by a deficiency in vitamin D in children

A

rickets

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37
Q

what type of bone is highly vascular and contains red marrow

A

spongy bone (cancellous bone)

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38
Q

which bone forms the forehand

A

frontal bone

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39
Q

what structure connects muscle to bone

A

tendons

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40
Q

which hormone lowers calcium levels in the blood

A

calcitonin

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41
Q

what is the term for the bone structure where blood vessels and nerve pass through

A

foramen

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42
Q

what joint types allows for movement in one plane, like the elbow

A

hinge joint

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43
Q

what are the small cavities that contain osteocytes in compact bone?

A

lacunae

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44
Q

what process occurs in response to increased mechanical stress on bones

A

bone remodeling

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45
Q

what type of cartilage reduces friction in joints

A

hyaline cartilage

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46
Q

which bone houses the hearing organs

A

temporal bone

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47
Q

what is the name of the uppermost cervical vertebra

A

atlas (C1)

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48
Q

what is the name of the lower part of the nasal septum

A

vomer

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49
Q

what does the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) regulate

A

red blood cell production

50
Q

what structure attaches the ribs to the stuernum

A

costal cartilage

51
Q

what bone articulates with the acetabulum to form the high joint

A

femur

52
Q

what type of bone cell in responsible for bone formation

A

osteoblasts

53
Q

what is the term for abnormal curvature of the upper thoracic spine

A

kyphosis

54
Q

which bones form the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

55
Q

what is the name of the process where bones increase in diameter

A

appositional growth

56
Q

what joint connects the spine to the pelvis

A

sacroiliac joint

57
Q

What condition involves the softening of bone due to inadequate mineralization

A

osteomalacia

58
Q

what is the name of the depression of the sphenoid bone that houses that pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

59
Q

which bone is known as the “heel bone”

A

calcaneus

60
Q

what is the main function of red bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis (blood cell production)

61
Q

what is the medical term for the “tailbone”

A

coccyx

62
Q

what bone forms the anterior part of the hard palate

A

maxilla

63
Q

what structure surrounds the central canal in compact bone

A

lamellae

64
Q

what is the name of the small irregular cavities in spongy bone that contain marrow

A

trabeculae

65
Q

what is the largest foramen in the skull

A

foramen magnum

66
Q

what type of joint is found between the bones of the skull

A

sutures

67
Q

what hormone promotes calcium absorption in the small intestine

A

vitamin D (calcitriol)

68
Q

what structure on the tibia is the attachment point for the patellar ligament

A

tibial tuberosity

69
Q

what type of bone is the patella classified as

A

sesamoid bone

70
Q

what is the name of the rough projection on the lateral femur for muscle attachment

A

greater trochanter

71
Q

what bone forms the posterior portion of the cranium

A

occipital bone

72
Q

which joint allows for rotational movement, such as turning the head

A

pivot joint

73
Q

what bone contains the olecranon process

A

ulna

74
Q

what structure cushions joints and reduces friction where bones come together

A

articular cartilage

74
Q

what is the function of yellow bone marrow in adults

A

fat storage

75
Q

what is the process by which bones are formed from cartilage

A

endochondral ossification

76
Q

which part of the vertebrae supports the weight of the body

A

vertebral body

76
Q

which condition is characterized by brittle bones due to insufficient collagen

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

77
Q

what is the name of the process on the temporal bone that serves as a muscle attachment for the neck

A

mastoid process

78
Q

what type of bone surrounds the spongy bone in flat bones

A

compact bone

79
Q

what is the name of the fibrous joint between the parietal bones of the skull

A

sagittal suture

79
Q

which bone houses the lower teeth

A

mandible

80
Q

what type of bone forms the shaft of long bones

A

compact bone

81
Q

what is the name of the depression in the os coxae that holds the head of the femur

A

acetabulum

82
Q

what is the term for bone growth in length at the growth plate

A

longitudinal growth

83
Q

what are the small channels that connects osteocytes in compact bone

A

canaliculi

84
Q

which bone is known as the “cheekbone”

A

zygomatic bone

85
Q

what is the name of the bone that does not articulate with any other bone

A

hyoid bone

86
Q

what is the large flat bone that forms the upper back

A

scapula

87
Q

which vertebrae are located in the neck

A

cervical vertebrae

88
Q

which hormone stimulates bone growth during adolescence

A

growth hormone

89
Q

what types of joint is the knee

A

hinge joint

90
Q

what is the term for a break in the continuity of bone

A

fracture

91
Q

which bones make up the wrist

A

carpals

92
Q

what is the rounded end of a bone that forms part of a joint called…

A

condyle

93
Q

what is the name of the connective tissue that covers the outside of bones

A

periosteum

94
Q

what bone forms the bse of the skull and connects to the vertebral column

A

occipital bone

95
Q

what is the thin, flat bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum

A

vomer

96
Q

what is the primary structural unit of compact bone

A

osteon (haversian system)

97
Q

what condition is caused by a lack of bone density, leading to weak and brittle bones

A

osteoporosis

98
Q

which bone in the forearm is located on the thumb side

A

radius

98
Q

what is the process where osteoblasts secrete new bone matrix called

A

ossification

99
Q

what bone forms that upper jaw

A

maxilla

100
Q

what type of joint allows for the widest range of motion

A

ball-and-socket joint

101
Q

what are the three parts of the sternum

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

102
Q

what is the name of the joint that connects the arm to the body

A

Glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)

103
Q

what structure attaches bones to other bones

A

ligaments

104
Q

what is the process of producing blood cells called

A

hematopoiesis

105
Q

which bones form the finger and toes

A

phalanges

106
Q

what is the name of the bones that protects the heart and lungs

A

thoracic cage (rib cage)

107
Q

what is the large bone in the lower leg that bears most of the body’s weight

A

tibia

108
Q

which bone is the smallest in the human body

A

stapes (in the ear)

109
Q

what os the term for the slight depression or groove in a bone

A

fossa

110
Q

which bone articulates with the femur at the knee joint

A

tibia

110
Q

what condition involves the wearing down of articular cartilage in joints

A

osteoarthritis

111
Q

what is the fibrous connective tissue that forms between broken bone fragments during healing

A

callus

111
Q

what is the pointed downward projection of the temporal bone

A

styloid process

112
Q

what is the name of the ridge on the posterior of the scapula

A

spine of the scapula

113
Q

what types of bone is characterized by a lattice-like structure

A

spongy bone (cancellous bone)

114
Q

what is the smooth, round projection at the end of the femur that articulates with the tibia

A

medial and lateral condyles of the femur

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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