Unit 6: Skeletal system and joints Flashcards
Select ALL of the characteristics of human bone:
- Matrix has a rubbery, or gel-like consistency
- Matrix has a fluid consistency
- Matrix has a hard, solid, compact consistency
- All sub-types are avascular
- All sub-types are vascular
- Some sub-types are vascular and some are avascular
- Contains collagen fibers
- Contains elastic fibers
- Houses red marrow in the spaces between trabeculae
- Decreases in density when exposed to stress/load
- Increases in density when exposed to stress/load
- Produced by chondrocytes
- Produced by osteocytes
????? - Matrix has a hard, solid, compact consistency
- All sub-types are vascular
- Contains collagen fibers
- Houses red marrow in the spaces between trabeculae
- Increases in density when exposed to stress/load
-Produced by osteocytes
What type of tissue is the strongest, but least flexible cartilage?
A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Elastic cartilage
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Reticular connective tissue
C. Fibrocartilag
What type of tissue makes up the larynx, also known as the voice box, or Adam’s apple?
A. Elastic cartilage
B. Reticular connective tissue
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Hyaline cartilage
D. Hyaline cartilage
What type of tissue is sandwiched between the pubic bones to form the pubic symphysis?
A. Fibrocartilage
B. Hyaline cartilage
C. Elastic cartilage
D. Reticular connective tissue
A. Fibrocartilage
What type of tissue functions as a shock absorber and resists compression and tension?
A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Reticular connective tissue
C. Fibrocartilage
D. Elastic cartilage
C. Fibrocartilage
What type of tissue makes up the intervertebral discs?
A. Elastic cartilage
B. Reticular connective tissue
C. Hyaline cartilage
D. Fibrocartilage
D. Fibrocartilage
What type of tissue is worn down with overuse, or excessive wear and tear on joints, leading to osteoarthritis?
A. Fibrocartilage
B. Elastic cartilage
C. Reticular connective tissue
D. Hyaline cartilage
D. Hyaline cartilage
What type of tissue forms the initial fetal skeleton?
A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Elastic cartilage
C. Reticular connective tissue
D. Fibrocartilage
A. Hyaline cartilage
What type of tissue covers the ends of articulating bones?
A. Areolar connective tissue
B. Hyaline cartilage
C. Reticular connective tissue
D. Fibrocartilage
B. Hyaline cartilage
Select ALL of the characteristics of skeletal cartilages:
- Matrix has a rubbery, or gel-like consistency
- Matrix has a fluid consistency
- Matrix has a hard, solid, compact consistency
- All sub-types are avascular
- All sub-types are vascular
- Some sub-types are vascular and some are avascular
- Contains collagen fibers
- Contains elastic fibers
- Contains reticular fibers
- Slow regeneration and recovery from trauma/injury
- Rapid regeneration and recovery from trauma/injury
- Produced by chondrocytes
- Produced by osteocytes
- Lacks nerves
???? - Matrix has a rubbery, or gel-like consistency
- All sub-types are avascular
- Contains collagen fibers
- Contains elastic fibers
- Slow regeneration and recovery from trauma/injury
- Produced by chondrocytes
- Lacks nerves
Which bone is the site of the ear and hearing apparatus?
A. Maxilla
B. Occipital bone
C. Temporal
D. Frontal bone
C. Temporal
Which of the following bones forms the cheek bones?
A. Sphenoid
B.Nasal
C. Ethmoid
D. Zygomatic
E. Mandible
F. Palatine
D. Zygomatic
Which of the following bones forms the posterior of the hard palate?
A. Zygomatic
B. Palatine
C. Sphenoid
D. Mandible
E. Nasal
F. Ethmoid
B. Palatine
Which of the following bones forms the lower movable jaw?
A. Ethmoid
B. Nasal
C. Mandible
D. Sphenoid
E. Palatine
F. Zygomatic
C. Mandible
Which bone is positioned to protect the heart and mediastinum cavity?
A. Cervical vertebrae
B. Coccyx
C. Stenum
D. Sacrum
C. Stenum
Which of the following bones articulate along the sagittal plane?
A. Mandible and maxilla
B. R and L Temporal
C. R and L Parietal
D. Ethmoid
E. Sphenoid
F. R Zygomatic and R Temporal
C. R and L Parietal
Which bone makes up the superior edge of the eye orbit (socket)?
A. Maxilla
B. Occipital bone
C. Temporal
D. Frontal bone
D. Frontal Bone
Which of the following bones has its superior edge in the base of the cranium and its inferior edge in the nasal septum?
A. Sphenoid
B. Parietal
C. Ethmoid
D. Nasal
E. Palatine
F. Zygomatic
C. Ethmoid
Which of the following bones has the pivot point which allows the head to rotate?
A. Axis
B. Sternum
C. Atlas
D. Hyoid
A. Axis
Which of the following bones articulates with the occipital bone and supports the weight of the skull?
A. Temporal
B. Atlas
C. Ethmoid
D. Sphenoid
B. Atlas
what are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
axial and appendicular
what mineral is cruical for muscle contraction and nerve conduction?
calcium
what are blood cells produced in the body?
red bone maroow
what hormone increase calcium levels in the blood
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
what type of joint is the shoulder?
ball-and-socket joint
what bone forms the lower jaw
mandible
what is the main function of osteoclasts
to resorb bone
which bone is known as the “collarbone”
clavicle
what is the name of the cavity that holds the head of the humerus
glenoid cavity
what is the name of the large hole in the occipital bone
foramen magnum
what bones form the pelvic girdle
illium, ischium, and pubis
what condition describes a lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
what is the lagrest bone in the human body
femur
which vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption
vitamin D
what s the name of the growth plate in long bones
epiphyseal plate
what i sthe name of the disease caused by a deficiency in vitamin D in children
rickets
what type of bone is highly vascular and contains red marrow
spongy bone (cancellous bone)
which bone forms the forehand
frontal bone
what structure connects muscle to bone
tendons
which hormone lowers calcium levels in the blood
calcitonin
what is the term for the bone structure where blood vessels and nerve pass through
foramen
what joint types allows for movement in one plane, like the elbow
hinge joint
what are the small cavities that contain osteocytes in compact bone?
lacunae
what process occurs in response to increased mechanical stress on bones
bone remodeling
what type of cartilage reduces friction in joints
hyaline cartilage
which bone houses the hearing organs
temporal bone
what is the name of the uppermost cervical vertebra
atlas (C1)
what is the name of the lower part of the nasal septum
vomer
what does the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) regulate
red blood cell production
what structure attaches the ribs to the stuernum
costal cartilage
what bone articulates with the acetabulum to form the high joint
femur
what type of bone cell in responsible for bone formation
osteoblasts
what is the term for abnormal curvature of the upper thoracic spine
kyphosis
which bones form the bridge of the nose
nasal bones
what is the name of the process where bones increase in diameter
appositional growth
what joint connects the spine to the pelvis
sacroiliac joint
What condition involves the softening of bone due to inadequate mineralization
osteomalacia
what is the name of the depression of the sphenoid bone that houses that pituitary gland
sella turcica
which bone is known as the “heel bone”
calcaneus
what is the main function of red bone marrow
hematopoiesis (blood cell production)
what is the medical term for the “tailbone”
coccyx
what bone forms the anterior part of the hard palate
maxilla
what structure surrounds the central canal in compact bone
lamellae
what is the name of the small irregular cavities in spongy bone that contain marrow
trabeculae
what is the largest foramen in the skull
foramen magnum
what type of joint is found between the bones of the skull
sutures
what hormone promotes calcium absorption in the small intestine
vitamin D (calcitriol)
what structure on the tibia is the attachment point for the patellar ligament
tibial tuberosity
what type of bone is the patella classified as
sesamoid bone
what is the name of the rough projection on the lateral femur for muscle attachment
greater trochanter
what bone forms the posterior portion of the cranium
occipital bone
which joint allows for rotational movement, such as turning the head
pivot joint
what bone contains the olecranon process
ulna
what structure cushions joints and reduces friction where bones come together
articular cartilage
what is the function of yellow bone marrow in adults
fat storage
what is the process by which bones are formed from cartilage
endochondral ossification
which part of the vertebrae supports the weight of the body
vertebral body
which condition is characterized by brittle bones due to insufficient collagen
osteogenesis imperfecta
what is the name of the process on the temporal bone that serves as a muscle attachment for the neck
mastoid process
what type of bone surrounds the spongy bone in flat bones
compact bone
what is the name of the fibrous joint between the parietal bones of the skull
sagittal suture
which bone houses the lower teeth
mandible
what type of bone forms the shaft of long bones
compact bone
what is the name of the depression in the os coxae that holds the head of the femur
acetabulum
what is the term for bone growth in length at the growth plate
longitudinal growth
what are the small channels that connects osteocytes in compact bone
canaliculi
which bone is known as the “cheekbone”
zygomatic bone
what is the name of the bone that does not articulate with any other bone
hyoid bone
what is the large flat bone that forms the upper back
scapula
which vertebrae are located in the neck
cervical vertebrae
which hormone stimulates bone growth during adolescence
growth hormone
what types of joint is the knee
hinge joint
what is the term for a break in the continuity of bone
fracture
which bones make up the wrist
carpals
what is the rounded end of a bone that forms part of a joint called…
condyle
what is the name of the connective tissue that covers the outside of bones
periosteum
what bone forms the bse of the skull and connects to the vertebral column
occipital bone
what is the thin, flat bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum
vomer
what is the primary structural unit of compact bone
osteon (haversian system)
what condition is caused by a lack of bone density, leading to weak and brittle bones
osteoporosis
which bone in the forearm is located on the thumb side
radius
what is the process where osteoblasts secrete new bone matrix called
ossification
what bone forms that upper jaw
maxilla
what type of joint allows for the widest range of motion
ball-and-socket joint
what are the three parts of the sternum
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
what is the name of the joint that connects the arm to the body
Glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
what structure attaches bones to other bones
ligaments
what is the process of producing blood cells called
hematopoiesis
which bones form the finger and toes
phalanges
what is the name of the bones that protects the heart and lungs
thoracic cage (rib cage)
what is the large bone in the lower leg that bears most of the body’s weight
tibia
which bone is the smallest in the human body
stapes (in the ear)
what os the term for the slight depression or groove in a bone
fossa
which bone articulates with the femur at the knee joint
tibia
what condition involves the wearing down of articular cartilage in joints
osteoarthritis
what is the fibrous connective tissue that forms between broken bone fragments during healing
callus
what is the pointed downward projection of the temporal bone
styloid process
what is the name of the ridge on the posterior of the scapula
spine of the scapula
what types of bone is characterized by a lattice-like structure
spongy bone (cancellous bone)
what is the smooth, round projection at the end of the femur that articulates with the tibia
medial and lateral condyles of the femur
