Unit 4: Tissues

Question 1

what are the main functions of Nervous Tissue?

Answer 1

Rapidly communicates, regulates, and integrates; avascular with virtually no regeneration

Question 2

What are the two main types of cells in nervous tissue?

Answer 2

Neurons (conducting units) and neuroglia (supportive cells).

Question 3

What are the three parts of a neuron?

Answer 3

Soma (cell body), axon (transmits impulses away from soma), dendrites (carry impulses to the axon)

Question 4

What are the two methods of tissue repair?

Answer 4

Regeneration (replacement with the same kind of cells) and fibrosis (scar tissue formation)

Question 5

Which tissues regenerate easily, poorly, or not at all?

Answer 5

Easy: epithelial tissue, fibrous connective tissue, bone
Poorly: skeletal muscle
No regeneration: cardiac muscle, nervous tissue in brain and spinal cord

Question 6

what is the main function of muscle tissue?

Answer 6

specialized for movement

Question 7

name the three types of muscles tissue

Answer 7

skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle

Question 8

what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?

Answer 8

striated, voluntary, attacked to skeleton, multiple nuclei, parallel arrangement

Question 9

what are the characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 9

non-striated, involuntary, found in walls of hollow organs, single nucleus

Question 10

what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 10

striated, involuntary, found in the heart, contains intercalated disc with desmosomes and gap junctions

Question 11

what is histology

Answer 11

the microscopic study of tissue

Question 12

what are the two components of tissue

Answer 12

cells (living parts) and matrix (non-living substances)

Question 13

name the four types of tissues in the body

Answer 13

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 14

what are the three types of cell extensions?

Answer 14

Microvilli (increase surface area), cilia (move substances), flagella (move cells, e.g., sperm)

Question 15

what are the types of ell junctions

Answer 15

tight junctions (glue), desmosomes (velcro), gap junctions (channels)

Question 16

what happens during inflammation in tissue repair

Answer 16

inflammatory chemicals increase capillary permeability, allowing clotting proteins to wall off the injured area, forming a clot and eventually a scab

Question 17

what is granulation tissue

Answer 17

delicate pink tissue formed by new capillaries; phagocytes clear the clot while fibroblast rebuild collagen fibers

Question 18

what determines whether regeneration or fibrosis occurs in tissue repair

Answer 18

the type of tissue and the severity of the injury

Question 19

what are the unique features of cardiac muscle cells

Answer 19

Cardiac muscle cells are branched and interconnected, have intercalated discs with desmosomes and gap junctions, creating a functional syncytium where all cells contract together.

Question 20

What are the distinguishing characteristics of smooth muscle?

Answer 20

Smooth muscle has no striations, is involuntary, and cells are arranged in layers: circular inner and longitudinal outer.

Question 21

How do skeletal muscle cells differ from cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 21

Skeletal muscle cells are long, cylindrical, striated, voluntary, and have multiple nuclei. Cardiac muscle cells are branched, striated, involuntary, and have specialized cell junctions.

Question 22

What is the extracellular matrix, and what does it contain?

Answer 22

The extracellular matrix is a non-living substance outside the cell membrane, including extracellular fluids, supporting fibers, and enzymes.

Question 23

What are the four main types of tissues in the body and their functions

Answer 23

Epithelial: Covers surfaces, lines openings, forms glands.

Connective: Supports and protects, connects tissues, transports substances.

Muscle: Enables movement.

Nervous: Sends and receives electrochemical messages.

Question 24

How do microvilli aid in cell function?

Answer 24

They increase surface area for absorption, found in the small intestine.

Question 25

Where are cilia commonly found, and what is their function?

Answer 25

Cilia are found lining the respiratory tract and help move substances over the cell surface.

Question 26

What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 26

Movement of the skeleton

Question 27

what is the function of smooth muscle in the body

Answer 27

Movement of substance inside hollow organs, such as the digestive system

Question 28

What are the steps involved in tissue repair?

Answer 28

Inflammation, granulation tissue formation, and regeneration or fibrosis for permanent repair.

Question 29

what is the role of cardiac muscle

Answer 29

it causes the heart to beat, facilitating blood circulation

Question 30

What types of tissues have a high capacity for regeneration?

Answer 30

Epithelial tissues, fibrous connective tissues, and bone.

Question 31

Which tissues are typically replaced with scar tissue during repair?

Answer 31

Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord.

Question 32

what are the 3 types of cell junctions

Answer 32

tight, gap, and desmosomes

Question 33

what does the gap junction do in the cell

Answer 33

allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from the inside of one cell to the inside of a neighboring cell

Question 33

what does tight junction do in the cell

Answer 33

brings the cells together connecting them together

Question 34

what does the desmosomes do in the cell

Answer 34

a structure the joins two cells together using protein plaques

Question 35

what is the texture of cutaneous secretion?

Answer 35

dry, tough, E.g; like skin

Question 36

what is the texture of serous secretion?

Answer 36

slippery, thin liquid E.G. like water

Question 37

what is the texture of mucous secretion?

Answer 37

sticky, thick, E.g.; like mucus in your nose

Question 38

what is the cutaneous membrane in the epithelial tissues

Answer 38

This is your skin, the outermost layer that covers your whole body.

Question 39

what is the serous membrane in the epithelial tissue

Answer 39

Think of this as a slippery, smooth sheet that covers organs inside your body, like your lungs and heart. It keeps them moist and reduces friction

Question 40

what is the mucous membrane in the epithelial tissue

Answer 40

Found inside your mouth, nose, and other places that are open to the outside world. It’s moist and sticky because it produces mucus to protect and trap dust or germs.

Question 41

what is the difference in location where each of epithelial membranes are found

Answer 41

Endocrine