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GAMSAT (SIII) - Physics > Unit 6 - Oscillations and Mechanical Waves > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Oscillations and Mechanical Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Example of simple harmonic motion

A

Masses on springs and pendulum systems

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2
Q

What is the one major things that systems in simple harmonic motion have

A

Resotring force

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3
Q

What is a restoring force

A

A force that wants to return the system to eqbm (opposing what you want to do to it)

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4
Q

In a simple harmonic oscilator the resotring force is proportional to

A

Proportional to the ammount of displacment in the system

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5
Q

What is the equation connecting the force exerted by a spring, the spring constant and displacement

A

Fs = -kx

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6
Q

Force is proportional to …. but not ….

A

Acceleration but not velocity

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7
Q

Max displacement AKA

A

Displacement

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8
Q

Period (T) is

A

The time taken for an entire cycle to occur

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9
Q

Cos starts at

A

MAX amplitude (1)

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10
Q

Sin starts at

A

Minimunim amplitude (0)

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11
Q

x(t) = (2)

A

A cos (wt) or A sin (wt)

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12
Q

What is w

A

2pi / T

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13
Q

x(t) = (in terms of time period)

A

A cos ((2pi/T) t)

OR

A sin ((2pi/T) t)

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14
Q

What is the effect of a change in amplitude on the peirod in a spring system

A

There is no effect

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15
Q

T (for a spring)

A

2pi X root of (m/K)

m = mass
k = spring constant
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16
Q

90 deg –> RAD

A

pi/2 rad

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17
Q

2 pi rad –> DEG

A

360 deg

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18
Q

What is the effect of adding a phase constant inside of the sine term

A

Shift the graph to the left in the negative x direction

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19
Q

What is the effect of subtracting a phase constant inside of the sine term

A

Shifts the graph to the right

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20
Q

What is the effect of changing the mass on a pendulum in terms of a pendulum

A

No effect on time period

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21
Q

T (for a pendulum)

A

2pi x root (L/g)

L = length 
g = gravitational acceleration
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22
Q

Define a mechanical wave

A

Distrubance through space which usually transfers energy

23
Q

What is a longitudinal wave

A

Waves where the direction of disturbance is in the same direction as the wave is travelling

24
Q

What is a tranverse wave

A

A wave where direction of energy transfer is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

25
Q

What is a wave pulse

A

Single period of a wave

26
Q

What is amplitude

A

From the resting point to the peak of the wave

27
Q

What is the period of a wave

A

TIme taken for a complete wave cycle to occur

28
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of cycles that occur per second

29
Q

Equation for frequency

A

f = 1/T

30
Q

Wavelength is

A

the distance travelled after one period

31
Q

Velocity -

A

Wavelenght/period

Wavelength X frequency

32
Q

Sound travles as

A

A wave

33
Q

What is the only way to alter the speed of sound

A

Change tge prperties of the medium that it is travelling through

34
Q

What is the equation for the velocity of a sound wave through a given medium

A

V = ROOT (B/P)

35
Q

What is B

A

Bulk moduls

36
Q

An increased __________ almost always overides an_____________

A

Bulk moduulus //// Increase in density

37
Q

What type of air does sound travel faster through - why?

A

Faster through hotter air since hotter air is less dense

38
Q

Facts about ultrasound

A

20000 Hz
Reflected when it reaches a change in medium
Reflection detected by a transducer which calcuates time between initiation and return
Distance is calculated to produce a 3D image

39
Q

How can you produce a CLEAER image from ultrasound

A

Higher freq and shorter wavelength so there is less diffraction

40
Q

What is the Doppler ffect

A

The apparent change in the freuqency of a wave based on relative motioon between the source of the wave and the observer

41
Q

What happens if the source of the wave is travelling at the same speed as the observer

A

Sonic boom - all waves arise at once

42
Q

What be observed if you move towards the source

A

Higher freq since more wave crests reach per second

43
Q

What would be observed if you move away from the source

A

Lower freqeuncy since fewer wave crests reach per second

44
Q

Fobs =

A

Fs . ((Vw+Vobs)/Vw)

45
Q

Where does wave interference occur

A

Where waves overlap in the same region

46
Q

Superposition says that

A

You can find he total wave by addiing together the contributing waves

47
Q

Constructvie interference

A

Forms a much bigger wave

When two waves are in phase or are spaced a distance apart that is an integer number of the wave lengths

48
Q

Destructive interfence

A

Forms a much smaller wave

When two waves are out of phase or a spaced at a distance which is not an integer multiple of the wavelengths

49
Q

In standing waves

ANTINODES are

NODES are

A

Antinodes points with most motion

Nodes points with least motion

50
Q

In standing waves wavlength =

A

2L/N

L = length 
N = nodes
51
Q

What is the equation for wavelngth in a tube where one end is open

A

4L/N

52
Q

Beat frequency is where

A

Waves have different frequencies

53
Q

What is the equation of Beat freuqnecy

A

FB = modulus of F1-F2

GAMSAT (SIII) - Physics (20 decks)

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