Unit 6 Kinetics Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

how can rates of reactions be monitored?

A

finding the change in either the reactants or products

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1
Q

what is the formula to find the rate of production? what is the rate of production of b?

A

rate=change in concentration over the change in time

e.g rate of B= -(change of concentration of B)/the change in time

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2
Q

what is the rate of consumption formula of A?

A

rate of consumption of A= -change in concentration of A/t2-t1

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3
Q

what is the sign for the average rate of consumption?why?

A

negative because the reactants are decreasing as a function of time

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4
Q

what is the rate law formula defintion?

A

an equation showing how the reaction rate depends on the concentration (moles) of each reactant

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5
Q

what is an example equation of a rate law? what do the numbers to the left and right of the concentrations represent?

A

rate law=k[A]^m[B]^n

[A] and [B] are the concentrations in M

m is the exponent for A

n is the exponent for B

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6
Q

do the exponents equal the coefficients of each concentration?

A

no

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7
Q

how must the reaction law be determined?

A

experimentally

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8
Q

units of rate

A

M/s

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9
Q

What is the reaction rate?

A

a measure of how fast the reaction is going

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10
Q

what are integrated rate laws?

A

mathematical functions that give the concentrations over the change in time

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11
Q

what is half-life?

A

the time it takes the reactants to reach 50% of its original values

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12
Q

what do reaction mechanisms do?

A

connect microscopic molecular processes to the overall rate

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12
Q

what does Arrhenius equations decribe?

A

describes how the rate changes with temperature

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13
Q

what can kinetics reveal about a reaction

A

how a reaction occurs

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14
Q

what is the graphical method of the rate law? what does the shape of the line reveal

A

monitor the reaction over time

plot the data

shape of the graph line reveals the order of the reaction

15
Q

what is the zeroth order formula? does rate depend on concentration?

A

Rate=k

Rate does not depend on concentration because there is no concentration

16
Q

What are the conditions of the zeroth order in terms of the graph?

A

If the graph is linear and going downwards, the reaction is zero order

17
Q

What is the equation of a straight line for zeroth order (integrated rate law)?

A

[At]=-kt+[A]o

18
Q

What is the first-order formula for rates? Does rate depend on concentration?

A

Rate=k[A]

Rate does depend on the concentration

19
Q

What is the second order formula for Rate?

20
Q

What happens to the concentration when you double the rate of a second order reaction?

A
  1. Apply the exponent to the rate side with the base 2

The reaction will quadruple

21
Q

What does the half-life depend on? what happens to the half-life in terms of amount?

A

Dependent on intial concentration

Gets shorter over the course of the reaction

22
Q

what is the Integrated Rate law for first-order reactions?

A

Ln[A]=-kt+1/[Ao]

23
what is the Integrated Rate law for second-order reactions?
1/[A]=kt+1/[Ao]
24
What is the equation for half-life for the first-order reaction?
t1/2=ln2/k
25
What does it mean if the graph is linear and goes down
The reaction is first order
26
What does it mean if the graph is linear and going up?
The reaction is second order
27
What is the half life formula of the second order reaction
t1/2=1/k[A]o
28
What are the conditions of the half-life second-order reaction?
t1/2 depends on the intial concentration t1/2 gets longer over the course of the reaction
29
what is the half-life formula for a zero-order reaction?
t1/2=[A]o/2k