unit 4 states of matter solid liquid phase changes

Question 1

Crystalline solid

Answer 1

Well ordered matter in a solid

Pattern within solid repeats itself

Question 2

Amorphous solids

Answer 2

Do not have extensive ordering

Question 3

Four types of crystalline solids

Answer 3

1. Molecular
2. Ionic
3. Covalent
4. Metallic

Question 4

what are Molecular solids held together by?

Answer 4

Molecules held together by intermolecular forces

Question 5

what are Covalent network solids? what are they held together by?

Answer 5

Extended structures of atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 6

what are Metallic solids? what are they held together by?

Answer 6

Metallic bonds

Cations in a sea of delocalized electrons

Question 7

what are ionic solids held together by?

Answer 7

Held together by electrostatic attraction between a cation and anion

Question 8

Liquids are molecular meaning

Answer 8

Intermolecular forces strong enough to keep particles close to one another but not strong enough to keep them from moving past one another

Question 9

Surface tension

Answer 9

Amount of energy needed to expand a liquid

Question 10

What causes surface tension

Answer 10

Intermolecular forces from down below

Question 11

What are intermolecular forces like when surface tension occurs?

Answer 11

All directional

Question 12

Cohesive forces

Answer 12

forces between molecules

Question 13

Adhesive forces

Answer 13

forces between molecules and container

Question 14

Sublimination

Answer 14

Solid to gas

Question 15

Desposition

Answer 15

Gas to solid

Question 16

What does breaking attractive drives require

Answer 16

Energy

Question 17

What does converse also holds mean? what do they require?

Answer 17

Forming bonds

Require release of energy

Question 18

For all substances what is the difference between vapour and fusion?

Answer 18

Enthalpy Vapour is always greater than the fusion phase

Question 19

Equation to find change in free energy

Answer 19

DeltaG=deltaH-TdeltaS

Change in free energy equals the change in enthalpy minus temperature multiplied by enthropy

Question 20

Change from heavy to lighter products what is the sign on entropy and enthalpy

Answer 20

Positive

Question 21

Change from lighter to heavier substance what is the sign enthalpy and enthropy

Answer 21

Negative

Question 22

Change in free energy signwhen the temperature is greater than 100K

Answer 22

Negative

Question 23

Change in free energy sign when the temperature is less than 100K

Answer 23

Positive

Question 24

Change in free energy sign with the temperature is equal to 100K

Answer 24

0

Question 25

Vapour pressure

Answer 25

The pressure of gas at equilibrium coexisting with a liquid or solid at a certain temperature

Question 26

what does vapor pressure depend on?

Answer 26

Vapour pressure depends on temperature Strength of intermolecular forces

Question 27

Boiling point

Answer 27

Temperature what which vapour pressure of a liquid equals external pressure

Question 28

Normal boiling point

Answer 28

The boiling point at 1 atm