UNIT 6: INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY OF CNS DRUGS (PART 1) Flashcards
T/F
All drugs with CNS effects act on specific receptors that modulate transmission
True
T/F
CNS drugs are among the most important for studying all aspects of CNS phsyiology
True
T/F
Unraveling the actions of drugs with known clinical efficiacy lef to the hypotheses regarding the mechanism of disease
True
Electrically excitable cells that proicess and transmit informartion via an electrochemical process
Neurons
Receives and integrate the input from other neurons and conduct this information to the cell body
a. dendrites
b. axons
c. axon terminal
d. cell body
a. dendrites
Carry the output signal of a
neuron from the cell body,
sometimes over long distances.
a. dendrites
b. axons
c. axon terminal
d. cell body
b. axons
Makes contact with other neurons at specialized junctions called synapses where neurotransmitter chemicals are released that interact with receptors on other neurons.
a. dendrites
b. axons
c. axon terminal
d. cell body
c. axon terminal
Large number of non-neuronal support cells that perform a variety of essential functions in the CNS
Neuroglia
specialized macrophages derived from the bone marrow that settle in the CNS and are the major immune defense system in the brain.
a. oligodendrocytes
b. astrocytes
c. microglia
c. microglia
cells that wrap around the axons of projection neurons in the CNS forming the myelin sheath.
a. oligodendrocytes
b. astrocytes
c. microglia
a. oligodendrocytes
most abundant cell in the brain and play homeostatic support roles.
a. oligodendrocytes
b. astrocytes
c. microglia
b. astrocytes
A protective functional separation of the circulating blood from the extracellular fluid
Blood-Brain Barrier
Blocks sodium channel from the outside
a. apamin
b. charybdotoxin
c. tetrodotoxin
d. batrachotoxin
c. tetrodotoxin
source: puffer fish
Slows the inactivation, shifts activation of the sodium channel
a. apamin
b. charybdotoxin
c. tetrodotoxin
d. batrachotoxin
d. batrachotoxin
source: colombian frog
Blocks “small
Ca-activated” K channel
a. apamin
b. charybdotoxin
c. tetrodotoxin
d. batrachotoxin
a. apamin
source: Honeybee
Blocks “big Ca-activated”
K channel
a. apamin
b. charybdotoxin
c. tetrodotoxin
d. batrachotoxin
b. charybdotoxin
Source: Scorpion
Blocks N-type channel
a. Agatoxin
b. charybdotoxin
c. Omega conotoxin
d. batrachotoxin
c. Omega conotoxin
source: pacific cone snail
Blocks P-type channel
a. Agatoxin
b. charybdotoxin
c. Omega conotoxin
d. batrachotoxin
a. Agatoxin
source: funnel web spider
Irreversible antagonist of Nicotinic Ach Receptor
a. Picrotoxin
b. Philanthotoxin
c. Strychnine
d. a-Bungarotoxin
d. a-Bungarotoxin
source: marine snake
Blocks channel of GABAa Receptor
a. Picrotoxin
b. Philanthotoxin
c. Strychnine
d. a-Bungarotoxin
a. Picrotoxin
Source: South Pacific Planet
Competitive antagonist to Glycine Receptor
a. Picrotoxin
b. Philanthotoxin
c. Strychnine
d. a-Bungarotoxin
c. Strychnine
source: indian plant
Blocks channel of AMPA receptor
a. Picrotoxin
b. Philanthotoxin
c. Strychnine
d. a-Bungarotoxin
b. Philanthotoxin
source: wasp
Ion channel that respons to changes in membrane potential
Voltage-gated Ion Channel
Ion channel respoble for fast action potentials
Voltage-gated ion channel
Neurotransmitter Receptor which Respond to chemical neurotransmitters that bind to receptor subunits of the channel
Ligand-gated ion channel
Neurotransmitter Receptor Responsible for synaptic tranmissiion typical of HIERARCHICAL PATHWAYS
Ligand-gated ion channel
Neurotransmitter Receptor with Seven Transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors
Metabotropic Receptors
Neurotransmitter Receptor that does not result in the direct gating of a channel
Metabotropic Receptor
T/F
Inactivation of Metobotropic Receptor leads to Modulation of voltage-gated channels
False
Activation*
T/F
G protein interacting with calcium channels activates channel function
False
Inhibit*
List the Membrane-Delimited Pathways
- Potassium Channels
- Calcium Channels
T/F
Metabotropic receptors predominate in the diffuse neuronal systems in the CNSA
True
Generates transient depolarization
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potenial
T/F
Spatial Summation is the consecutive addition of E1
False
Temporal Summation
T/F
Temporal Summation is the addition E1 + E2 at the same time
False
Spatial Summation
In EPSPS Depolarization is caused by the opening and closing of what channel
- Opening of Sodium & Calcium channels
- Closing of Potassium channels
In which postsynaptic potential is all-or-none action potential generated
EPSPs
In IPSPs Hyperpolzarication is caused by the opening of what channels
Opening of potassium or chrloride channels
T/F
In EPSPs / Depolariation the equilibrium potential is slightly more negative
False
more positive
T/F
In IPSPs / Hyperpolarization the equilibrium potential is slightly more negative
True
Drugs thatb exert their effort through direct interaction
- Carbamazepine
- Phenytoin
- Local anesthetics
T/F
Most drugs exert their effect mainly at the synapse
TRUE
Which of the following inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine?
a. Parachlorophenylalanine
b. Reserpine
c. Amphetamine
d. Anticholinesterase
d. Anticholinesterase
Which of the following inhibits release of catecholamines?
a. Parachlorophenylalanine
b. Reserpine
c. Amphetamine
d. Anticholinesterase
c. Amphetamine
Which of the following
Inhibits storage of catecholamine?
a. Parachlorophenylalanine
b. Reserpine
c. Amphetamine
d. Anticholinesterase
b. Reserpine
Which of the following
Inhibits synthesis of serotonin?
a. Parachlorophenylalanine
b. Reserpine
c. Amphetamine
d. Anticholinesterase
a. Parachlorophenylalanine
T/F
Presynaptic drugs acts on the **synthesis, storage, metabolism, release **of neurotransmitters
True
In postsynaptic region, the ________ provides the primary site of drug action
**transmitter receptor **
____________ is a common mechanism of action for CNS drugs
Receptor antagonism
example: Strychinine for Glycine
T/F
Drugs can also act directly on the ion channel of ionotropic receptors
True
Example: Anesthetic Ketamine for NMDA
T/F
Drugs can act at any of the speds downstream of the receptor in METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS
True
Example: Methylxanthines
Give the two tyoes of Neuronal System
- Hierarchical system
- Diffused / Non-specific system
Which system contains large meylinated, rapidly conducting fibers; pathways are clearly delineated
a. Hierarchical System
b. Diffused System
a. Hierarchical System
Which system contains major sensory and motor functions
a. Hierarchical System
b. Diffused System
a. Hierarchical System
List the major excitatory transmitters
- Aspartate
- Glutatamate
List small inhibitory interneurons transmitters
- GABA
- Glycine
Neurons that Form the interconnecting pathways that transmit signals over long distances.
a. Projection Neurons
b. Local Circuit Neurons
a. Projection Neurons
These neurons are excitatory, and their
synaptic influences, which involve
ionotropic receptors, are very short-lived.
a. Projection Neurons
b. Local Circuit Neurons
a. Projection Neurons
What excitatory transmitter is released in Projection neurons
a. glutamate
b. glycine
c. gaba
d. both b and c
a. glutamate
T/F
Local Circuit Neurons are bigger than projection neurons
False
Smaller
What excitatory transmitter is released in Local Circuit neurons
a. glutamate
b. glycine
c. gaba
d. both b and c
d. both b and c
Two common types of pathways for Local Circuit Neurons
- Recurrent feedback pathways
- Feed-forward pathways
Broadly distributed, with single cells frequently sending processes to many different parts of the
brain-tangential.
a. Hierarchical System
b. Diffused System
b. Diffused System
This system includes monoamines and acetylcholines
a. Hierarchical System
b. Diffused System
b. Diffused System
What is Periodic enlargements that contain transmitter vesicles and is Located in the axons.
Varicosities
This transmitter acts on metabotropic receptors
a.Nonadrenergic Amines
b. Metabotropic receptors
b. Metabotropic receptors
T/F
Noradrenergic cell bodies are found primarily in a compact cell group called locus caeruleus in the caudal pontine central gray matter.
True
