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alien pcol > UNIT 13: BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS > Flashcards

UNIT 13: BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobial drug that can eradicate an infection in the **absence of host defense mechanism **

a. Bactericidal
b. Bacteriostatic

A

a. Bactericidal

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2
Q

Antimicrobial drug that inhibits microbial growth that requires host defense mechanism to eradicate infection

a. Bactericidal
b. Bacteriostatic

A

b. Bacteriostatic

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3
Q

Antimicrobial drug that kills bacteria
a. Bactericidal
b. Bacteriostatic

A

a. Bactericidal

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4
Q

Antimicrobial drug that decreases growth of bacteria
a. Bactericidal
b. Bacteriostatic

A

b. Bacteriostatic

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5
Q

Bactericidal which is a cell wall inhibitor
a. Vancomycin
b. Quinolones
c. Rifampin
d. Metronidazole

A

a. Vancomycin

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6
Q

Bactericidal that is a Gyrase inhibitor
a. Vancomycin
b. Quinolones
c. Rifampin
d. Metronidazole

A

b. Quinolones

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7
Q

Bactericidal used for Tuberculosis
a. Vancomycin
b. Quinolones
c. Rifampin
d. Metronidazole

A

c. Rifampin

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8
Q

Bactericidal used for amoebiasis
a. Vancomycin
b. Quinolones
c. Rifampin
d. Metronidazole

A

d. Metronidazole

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9
Q

Drugs with structures containing beta-lactam ring

A

Beta-lactam Antibiotics

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10
Q

Stronger drugs that produce greater adverse effects

A

Last Resort Antimicrobials

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11
Q

Inhibitor to protect hydrolysable penicillin from inactivation

A

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor

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12
Q

Lowest concentration to inhibit growth of an organism

A

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

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13
Q

Lowest concentration of killing 99.9% of bacteria

A

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

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14
Q

Acts as the initial receptors for penicillin and other beta-lactam antibitocs

A

Penicillin-Binding Proteins

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15
Q

T/F

PBP2a increases the affinity to drugs; decreases drug resistance

A

False

Decreases the affinity to drugs; increases drug resistance

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16
Q

Chains of polysaccharides and polypeptides that are cross-linked

A

Peptidoglycan

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17
Q

A bacterial enzyme involved in the cross-linking of linear peptidoglycan chains

A

Transpeptidase

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18
Q

T/F

In selective toxicity, It is more toxic to the host than to the invader

A

False! duh

It’s more toxic for the invader

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19
Q

T/F

Increase permeability; decrease in resistance

A

luh kala mo false noh

TRUE yan gaga

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20
Q

T/F

Adjunctive agents are Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors that can protect against antibiotic inactivation.

A

True GAGA

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21
Q

Antibiotic Combinations for Tuberculosis

clue: HINOG

A

R - Rifampicin
I - Isoniazid
P - Pyrazinamide
E - Ethambutol

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22
Q

Who discovered Penicillin G?

A

Alexander Flemming

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23
Q

From what microorganism did Penicillin G come from

A

Penicillium notatum

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24
Q

Penicillin G is primarily used for what infection?

A

Syphilis

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25
Q

Drugs without Beta-Lactam Rings

A

Vancomycin
Clindamycin
Fosfomycin
Bacitracin
Erythromycin

DRUGS WITHOUT BETA-LACTAM RINGS ARE CINFUL

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26
Q

T/F

Penicillin G cannot be taken orally because it has low availability and is digested by stomach acid

A

True

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27
Q

A derivative of Penicillin G that is resistant to stomach acids

A

Amoxicillin

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28
Q

A drug that prolongs the half-life of penicillin

A

Probenecid

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29
Q

A drug that inhibits gastric acid and therefore increases bioavailability

A

Probenecid

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30
Q

Penicillin G is used for what infection

A

Streptococci
Meningococci
Gram (+) bacilli
Spirochetes: Syphilis & Leptosispirosis

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31
Q

Microbe Resistance to Penicillin G

A

S. Aureus
N. gonorrhea

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32
Q

Treatment for S. aureus and N. gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline

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33
Q

T/F

When it comes to enterococci infection, Penicillin G is added with Aminoglycoside to produce a synergistic effect

A

True

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34
Q

Penicillin V is used for what infection

A

Oropharyngeal Infection

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35
Q

MOA of Penicillin G

A

Parental
IV / IM

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36
Q

MOA of Penicillin V

A

Oral

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37
Q

Known as Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillin

A

Methicillin, Naficillin, Oxacillin

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38
Q

What infection is treated with Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

A

Staphylococcal infections

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39
Q

Microbe resistance to Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

A

MRSA
MRSE

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40
Q

Treatment for MRSA & MRSE

A

Vancomycin and Clindamycin and Ceftaroline

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41
Q

Infections treated by Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

A

Enterococci
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis
Moraxella catrrhalis

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42
Q

Infections treated by Piperacillin and Ticarcillin

A

Pseudomonas
Enterobacter
Klebsiella sp.

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43
Q

Nafcillin causes what allergy

A

Neutropenia

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44
Q

Ampicillin causes what allergy

A

Maculopapular rashes

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45
Q

Methicillin causes what allergy

A

Interstitial nephritis

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46
Q

Ampicilin may cause what GI disturbance

A

Pseudo Membranous Colitis

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47
Q

1st Generation Cephalosphorin drugs

A
  • Cephalexin
  • Cefazolin
  • Cefadroxil
  • Cephalotin
  • Cephadrine
  • Chephaprin

tips to rember: FaPha

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48
Q

1st Generation Cephalosphorin used for Dermatology Skin Infection

a. Cephalexin
b. Cefazolin

A

a. Cephalexin

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49
Q

1st Generation Cephalosphorin used for Skin preparation for surgery; skin prophylaxis

a. Cephalexin
b. Cefazolin

A

b. Cefazolin

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50
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosphorin drugs

A
  • Cefuroxime
  • Cefoxitin
  • Cefotetan
  • Cefamandole

Tips to Remember: Furry Fox; Tan Man

51
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosphorin drugs used for gonorrhea

a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefoperazone
c. Ceftazidime
d. Cefixime
e. Both b and C

A

a. Ceftriaxone

52
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosphorin drugs used for Pseudomonas

a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefoperazone
c. Ceftazidime
d. Cefixime
e. Both b and C

A

e. Both b and C

53
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosphorin drugs used for gonorrhea (oral route)

a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefoperazone
c. Ceftazidime
d. Cefixime
e. Both b and C

A

d. Cefixime

54
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosphorin drug used for UTI

a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin

A

a. Cefuroxime

55
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosphorin drug used for Anaerobic coverage

a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin

A

b. Cefoxitin

56
Q

4th Generation Cephalosphorin drug used for Pseudomonas

A

Cefepime

57
Q

T/F

1st and 2nd Generation of Cephalosphorin drugs can enter CSF when meninges are inflamed

A

False

It can’t enter :«<

58
Q

T/F

MRSA is still resistant to 5th Generation of Cephalosphorin and above

A

False

59
Q

CEFAZOLIN & CEPHALEXIN treat what infection

A
  • Gram (+) cocci: Staphylococci , Streptococci
  • Gram (-) cocci: E. coli; K. pnuemoniae
60
Q

CEFOFETAN, CEFOXITIN is used for what infection

A

B. fragilis

61
Q

CEFAMANDOLE, CEFUROXIME, CEFACLOR is used to treat

A

H. Influenzae and M. catarrhalis to prevent Acute Otitis Media

62
Q

Third generation cephalosphorin drug used to treat CNS infection

A

Ceftazidime

63
Q

T/F

Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime can penetrate blood brain barrier

A

True

64
Q

Cefoperazone & Ceftazidime is used for

A

Pseudomonas

Mahilig si Pseudomonas sa pera at dime

65
Q

Ceftizoxime is used for

A

B. fragillis

66
Q

Ceftriaxone and Cefixime is drug choice for

A

Gonorrhea

TRYing to FIX gonorrhea

67
Q

A single infection of CEFTRIAXONE is used for

A

Acute Otitis Media

68
Q

Cefepime is used for what infection

A
  • Enterobacter
  • Haemophilus
  • Neisseria
  • Penicillinase-resistant pneumococci
69
Q

Clinical Use for Astreonam

A
  • Klebsiella
  • Pseudomonas
  • Serratia
70
Q

A patient is experiencing clinical effects such as Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Serratia

a. Carbapenem
b. Astreonam

A

b. Astreonam

71
Q

Clinical Use for Carbepenem

A
  • Gram (+) cocci
  • Gram (-) rods
  • Anaerobes
  • Pseudomonal infections
72
Q

A patient is experiencing the clinical effects such as Pseudomonal infections

a. Carbapenem
b. Astreonam

A

a. Carbapenem

73
Q

List 3 Beta-Lactamse Inhibitors

A
  • Clavulanic Acid
  • Sulbactam
  • Tazobactam
74
Q

Clavulanic acid + Amoxicillin =

a. Augmentin
b. Ampisul
c. Tazocin

A

Augmentin

75
Q

Ampicillin + Sulbactam =

a. Augmentin
b. Ampisul
c. Tazocin

A

Ampisul

76
Q

Tazobactam + Piperacillin =
a. Augmentin
b. Ampisul
c. Tazocin

A

Tazocin

77
Q

a Bactericial Glycoprotein thats binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the nascent peptidoglycan
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine

A

a. Vancomycin

78
Q

The MOA of this drug inhibits transglycolation and prevents elongation of peptidoglycan chain

a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine

A

a. Vancomycin

79
Q

Clinical use of Vancomycin

A
  • GRAM (+) cocci
  • Anaerobes
  • MRSA
  • Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci
  • Clostridium difficile
80
Q

A patient is experiencing the following clinical effects GRAM (+) cocci, Anaerobes, MRSA, Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci, Clostridium difficile

what drug will u give
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine

A

a. Vancomycin

81
Q

T/F Vancomycin has a topical/local effect

A

True

82
Q

Oral vancomycin is given to what infection

A

Bacterial enterocolitis

83
Q

A diffuse blushing syndrome caused by rapid IV infusion of Vancomycin

A

Red Man Syndrome

84
Q

An antimetabolite inhibitor of cytosolic enolpyruvate transferase

a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine

A

b. Fosfomycin

85
Q

A patient is experiencing the following toxicities such as Chills, Fever, Phlebitis, Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity is due to

a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine

A

a. Vancomycin

86
Q

Used for uncomplicated UTI

a. Fosfomycin
b. Ciprofloxacin

A

a. Fosfomycin

87
Q

Used for complicated UTI

a. Fosfomycin
b. Ciprofloxacin

A

b. Ciprofloxacin

88
Q

Prevents the formation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine

A

b. Fosfomycin

89
Q

A peptide antibiotic that interferes with a late stage in cell wall synthesisin gram (+) organism

a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine

A

c. Bacitracin

90
Q

An antimetabolite that blocks the incorporation of D-Ala into the pentapetide sidechain of the peptidoglycan

a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine

A

d. Cycloserine

91
Q

Used for Tuberculosis
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine

A

d. Cycloserine

92
Q

A patient is experiencing tremors, seizure, psychosis due to what

a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine

A

d. Cycloserine

93
Q

A patient is infected by streptococci, meningococci, gram (+) bacilli, syphilis, leptospirosis. What drug will you give?

a. Penicillin G
b. Penicillin V

A

a. Penicillin G

94
Q

A patient has oropharyngeal infection. What drug will you give?
a. Penicillin G
b. Penicillin V

A

b. Penicillin V

95
Q

A patient is resistant to MRSA & MRSE. What treamtent will you give

a. Vancomycin
b. Clindamycin
c. Both a & b

A

c. Both a & b

96
Q

A patient has the enterococci, eschiichia coli, haemophilus influenzar, listeria monocytogenes, proteus mirabilis, moraxella catarrhalis

PAKE NIYO BA SAKITIN SIYA EH

a. Ampicillin & Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin & Ticarcillin

A

a. Ampicillin & Amoxicillin

97
Q

A patient has Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella sp. What drug will you give

a. Ampicillin & Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin & Ticarcillin

A

b. Piperacillin & Ticarcillin

98
Q

A patient is experiencing Skin Infections

What 1st Generation drug will you give
a. Cephalexin
b. Cefazolin
c. Cefadroxil
d. Cephalotin

A

a. Cephalexin

99
Q

A patient is being prepared for surger / skin prophylaxis

What 1st Generation drug will you give
a. Cephalexin
b. Cefazolin
c. Cefadroxil
d. Cephalotin

A

b. Cefazolin

100
Q

Maju has UTI. What 2nd Generation drug will you give her
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin

A

a. Cefuroxime

101
Q

Gela has B. Fragilis. What 2nd Generation drug will you give her
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin

A

b. Cefoxitin

102
Q

What are penicillin derivative that crosses the blood-brain barrier

A

procaine and benzathine

103
Q

what are there 3 beta-lactamase inhibitors

A
  • Clavulanic Acid
  • Sulbactam
  • Tazobactam
104
Q

Known as anti-staphylococcal penicillin

A

methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin

105
Q

Used to treat MRSA and MRSE

A

Vancomycin & Clindamycin

106
Q

Treatment for
* Enterococci
* Escherichia coli
* Haemophilus Influenza
* Listeria monocytogenes
* Moxarella catarrhalis
* Proteus mirabilis

A

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

107
Q

Allergy caused by Penicillin

A
    • Urticaria
    • Fever
    • Hemolytic Anemia
    • Severe Pruritus
    • Joint Swelling
    • Nephritis
108
Q

GI Disturbance caused by Penicillin

A
  • Usually caused by Penicillin
  • Nausea & Diarrhea
  • Pseudo Membranous Colitis
109
Q

T/F

Increase in generation in Cephalosporin is increase activity for gram (+) bacteria; decrease activity for gram (-) bacteria

A

False

decrease activity for gram (+) bacteria; increase activity for gram (-) bacteria

110
Q

What is the common moa of cephalosporins

A

oral route

111
Q

Third generation cephalosphorin used for B. fragilis

A

Ceftizoxime

112
Q

Single injection of ____ is used for acute otitis media

A

Ceftriaxone

113
Q

Allergy caused by Cephalosphorin

A
  • Skin rashes to anaphylactic shock
114
Q

Other beta-lactam drugs that is monobactam

A

Astreonam

115
Q

An inhibitor of cell wall synthesis binding to PBP3

A

Astreonam

116
Q

Other beta-lactam drugs eliminated via renal tubular secretion

A

Astreonam

117
Q

Toxicity caused by Astreonam

A
  • Vertigo
  • Headache
  • Rare hepatoxicity
  • Skin rash
118
Q

A carbapenem rapidly inactivated by renal rehydropeptidase I

A

Imipinem

119
Q

Adverse effects caused by Imipinem-Cilastin

A
  • GI distress
  • Skin Rash
  • Confusion
  • Encephalopathyt
  • Seizures
120
Q

Causes lesions to bacterial cell wall

A

autolytic enzymes

121
Q

May cause hypoprothrombinemia

A

Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefofetan

122
Q

Cephalosporin that has coverage for MRSA

A

Ceftaroline

123
Q

Partly excreted in bile

A

AMPICILLIN AND NAFCILLIN

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