UNIT 13: BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS AND OTHER CELL WALL SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Flashcards
1
Q
Antimicrobial drug that can eradicate an infection in the **absence of host defense mechanism **
a. Bactericidal
b. Bacteriostatic
A
a. Bactericidal
2
Q
Antimicrobial drug that inhibits microbial growth that requires host defense mechanism to eradicate infection
a. Bactericidal
b. Bacteriostatic
A
b. Bacteriostatic
3
Q
Antimicrobial drug that kills bacteria
a. Bactericidal
b. Bacteriostatic
A
a. Bactericidal
4
Q
Antimicrobial drug that decreases growth of bacteria
a. Bactericidal
b. Bacteriostatic
A
b. Bacteriostatic
5
Q
Bactericidal which is a cell wall inhibitor
a. Vancomycin
b. Quinolones
c. Rifampin
d. Metronidazole
A
a. Vancomycin
6
Q
Bactericidal that is a Gyrase inhibitor
a. Vancomycin
b. Quinolones
c. Rifampin
d. Metronidazole
A
b. Quinolones
7
Q
Bactericidal used for Tuberculosis
a. Vancomycin
b. Quinolones
c. Rifampin
d. Metronidazole
A
c. Rifampin
8
Q
Bactericidal used for amoebiasis
a. Vancomycin
b. Quinolones
c. Rifampin
d. Metronidazole
A
d. Metronidazole
9
Q
Drugs with structures containing beta-lactam ring
A
Beta-lactam Antibiotics
10
Q
Stronger drugs that produce greater adverse effects
A
Last Resort Antimicrobials
11
Q
Inhibitor to protect hydrolysable penicillin from inactivation
A
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor
12
Q
Lowest concentration to inhibit growth of an organism
A
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
13
Q
Lowest concentration of killing 99.9% of bacteria
A
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
14
Q
Acts as the initial receptors for penicillin and other beta-lactam antibitocs
A
Penicillin-Binding Proteins
15
Q
T/F
PBP2a increases the affinity to drugs; decreases drug resistance
A
False
Decreases the affinity to drugs; increases drug resistance
16
Q
Chains of polysaccharides and polypeptides that are cross-linked
A
Peptidoglycan
17
Q
A bacterial enzyme involved in the cross-linking of linear peptidoglycan chains
A
Transpeptidase
18
Q
T/F
In selective toxicity, It is more toxic to the host than to the invader
A
False! duh
It’s more toxic for the invader
19
Q
T/F
Increase permeability; decrease in resistance
A
luh kala mo false noh
TRUE yan gaga
20
Q
T/F
Adjunctive agents are Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors that can protect against antibiotic inactivation.
A
True GAGA
21
Q
Antibiotic Combinations for Tuberculosis
clue: HINOG
A
R - Rifampicin
I - Isoniazid
P - Pyrazinamide
E - Ethambutol
22
Q
Who discovered Penicillin G?
A
Alexander Flemming
23
Q
From what microorganism did Penicillin G come from
A
Penicillium notatum
24
Q
Penicillin G is primarily used for what infection?
A
Syphilis
25
Drugs without Beta-Lactam Rings
Vancomycin
Clindamycin
Fosfomycin
Bacitracin
Erythromycin
DRUGS WITHOUT BETA-LACTAM RINGS ARE CINFUL
26
T/F
Penicillin G cannot be taken orally because it has low availability and is digested by stomach acid
True
27
A derivative of Penicillin G that is resistant to stomach acids
Amoxicillin
28
A drug that prolongs the half-life of penicillin
Probenecid
29
A drug that inhibits gastric acid and therefore increases bioavailability
Probenecid
30
Penicillin G is used for what infection
Streptococci
Meningococci
Gram (+) bacilli
Spirochetes: Syphilis & Leptosispirosis
31
Microbe Resistance to Penicillin G
S. Aureus
N. gonorrhea
32
Treatment for S. aureus and N. gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline
33
T/F
When it comes to enterococci infection, Penicillin G is added with Aminoglycoside to produce a synergistic effect
True
34
Penicillin V is used for what infection
Oropharyngeal Infection
35
MOA of Penicillin G
Parental
IV / IM
36
MOA of Penicillin V
Oral
37
Known as Anti-Staphylococcal Penicillin
Methicillin, Naficillin, Oxacillin
38
What infection is treated with Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin
Staphylococcal infections
39
Microbe resistance to Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin
MRSA
MRSE
40
Treatment for MRSA & MRSE
Vancomycin and Clindamycin and Ceftaroline
41
Infections treated by Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Enterococci
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis
Moraxella catrrhalis
42
Infections treated by Piperacillin and Ticarcillin
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter
Klebsiella sp.
43
Nafcillin causes what allergy
Neutropenia
44
Ampicillin causes what allergy
Maculopapular rashes
45
Methicillin causes what allergy
Interstitial nephritis
46
Ampicilin may cause what GI disturbance
Pseudo Membranous Colitis
47
1st Generation Cephalosphorin drugs
* Cephalexin
* Cefazolin
* Cefadroxil
* Cephalotin
* Cephadrine
* Chephaprin
tips to rember: FaPha
48
1st Generation Cephalosphorin used for Dermatology Skin Infection
a. Cephalexin
b. Cefazolin
a. Cephalexin
49
1st Generation Cephalosphorin used for Skin preparation for surgery; skin prophylaxis
a. Cephalexin
b. Cefazolin
b. Cefazolin
50
2nd Generation Cephalosphorin drugs
* Cefuroxime
* Cefoxitin
* Cefotetan
* Cefamandole
Tips to Remember: Furry Fox; Tan Man
51
3rd Generation Cephalosphorin drugs used for gonorrhea
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefoperazone
c. Ceftazidime
d. Cefixime
e. Both b and C
a. Ceftriaxone
52
3rd Generation Cephalosphorin drugs used for Pseudomonas
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefoperazone
c. Ceftazidime
d. Cefixime
e. Both b and C
e. Both b and C
53
3rd Generation Cephalosphorin drugs used for gonorrhea (oral route)
a. Ceftriaxone
b. Cefoperazone
c. Ceftazidime
d. Cefixime
e. Both b and C
d. Cefixime
54
2nd Generation Cephalosphorin drug used for UTI
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin
a. Cefuroxime
55
2nd Generation Cephalosphorin drug used for Anaerobic coverage
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin
b. Cefoxitin
56
4th Generation Cephalosphorin drug used for Pseudomonas
Cefepime
57
T/F
1st and 2nd Generation of Cephalosphorin drugs can enter CSF when meninges are inflamed
False
It can't enter :<<<
58
T/F
MRSA is still resistant to 5th Generation of Cephalosphorin and above
False
59
CEFAZOLIN & CEPHALEXIN treat what infection
* Gram (+) cocci: Staphylococci , Streptococci
* Gram (-) cocci: E. coli; K. pnuemoniae
60
CEFOFETAN, CEFOXITIN is used for what infection
B. fragilis
61
CEFAMANDOLE, CEFUROXIME, CEFACLOR is used to treat
H. Influenzae and M. catarrhalis to prevent Acute Otitis Media
62
Third generation cephalosphorin drug used to treat CNS infection
Ceftazidime
63
T/F
Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime can penetrate blood brain barrier
True
64
Cefoperazone & Ceftazidime is used for
Pseudomonas
Mahilig si Pseudomonas sa pera at dime
65
Ceftizoxime is used for
B. fragillis
66
Ceftriaxone and Cefixime is drug choice for
Gonorrhea
TRYing to FIX gonorrhea
67
A single infection of CEFTRIAXONE is used for
Acute Otitis Media
68
Cefepime is used for what infection
* Enterobacter
* Haemophilus
* Neisseria
* Penicillinase-resistant pneumococci
69
Clinical Use for Astreonam
* Klebsiella
* Pseudomonas
* Serratia
70
A patient is experiencing clinical effects such as Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Serratia
a. Carbapenem
b. Astreonam
b. Astreonam
71
Clinical Use for Carbepenem
* Gram (+) cocci
* Gram (-) rods
* Anaerobes
* Pseudomonal infections
72
A patient is experiencing the clinical effects such as Pseudomonal infections
a. Carbapenem
b. Astreonam
a. Carbapenem
73
List 3 Beta-Lactamse Inhibitors
* Clavulanic Acid
* Sulbactam
* Tazobactam
74
Clavulanic acid + Amoxicillin =
a. Augmentin
b. Ampisul
c. Tazocin
Augmentin
75
Ampicillin + Sulbactam =
a. Augmentin
b. Ampisul
c. Tazocin
Ampisul
76
Tazobactam + Piperacillin =
a. Augmentin
b. Ampisul
c. Tazocin
Tazocin
77
a Bactericial Glycoprotein thats binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the nascent peptidoglycan
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine
a. Vancomycin
78
The MOA of this drug inhibits transglycolation and prevents elongation of peptidoglycan chain
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine
a. Vancomycin
79
Clinical use of Vancomycin
* GRAM (+) cocci
* Anaerobes
* MRSA
* Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci
* Clostridium difficile
80
A patient is experiencing the following clinical effects *GRAM (+) cocci, Anaerobes, MRSA, Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci, Clostridium difficile*
what drug will u give
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine
a. Vancomycin
81
T/F Vancomycin has a topical/local effect
True
82
Oral vancomycin is given to what infection
Bacterial enterocolitis
83
A diffuse blushing syndrome caused by rapid IV infusion of Vancomycin
Red Man Syndrome
84
An antimetabolite inhibitor of cytosolic enolpyruvate transferase
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine
b. Fosfomycin
85
A patient is experiencing the following toxicities such as *Chills, Fever, Phlebitis, Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity* is due to
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cyloserine
a. Vancomycin
86
Used for uncomplicated UTI
a. Fosfomycin
b. Ciprofloxacin
a. Fosfomycin
87
Used for complicated UTI
a. Fosfomycin
b. Ciprofloxacin
b. Ciprofloxacin
88
Prevents the formation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine
b. Fosfomycin
89
A peptide antibiotic that interferes with a late stage in cell wall synthesisin gram (+) organism
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine
c. Bacitracin
90
An antimetabolite that blocks the incorporation of D-Ala into the pentapetide sidechain of the peptidoglycan
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine
d. Cycloserine
91
Used for Tuberculosis
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine
d. Cycloserine
92
A patient is experiencing tremors, seizure, psychosis due to what
a. Vancomycin
b. Fosfomycin
c. Bacitracin
d. Cycloserine
d. Cycloserine
93
A patient is infected by streptococci, meningococci, gram (+) bacilli, syphilis, leptospirosis. What drug will you give?
a. Penicillin G
b. Penicillin V
a. Penicillin G
94
A patient has oropharyngeal infection. What drug will you give?
a. Penicillin G
b. Penicillin V
b. Penicillin V
95
A patient is resistant to MRSA & MRSE. What treamtent will you give
a. Vancomycin
b. Clindamycin
c. Both a & b
c. Both a & b
96
A patient has the *enterococci, eschiichia coli, haemophilus influenzar, listeria monocytogenes, proteus mirabilis, moraxella catarrhalis*
PAKE NIYO BA SAKITIN SIYA EH
a. Ampicillin & Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin & Ticarcillin
a. Ampicillin & Amoxicillin
97
A patient has Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella sp. What drug will you give
a. Ampicillin & Amoxicillin
b. Piperacillin & Ticarcillin
b. Piperacillin & Ticarcillin
98
A patient is experiencing Skin Infections
What 1st Generation drug will you give
a. Cephalexin
b. Cefazolin
c. Cefadroxil
d. Cephalotin
a. Cephalexin
99
A patient is being prepared for surger / skin prophylaxis
What 1st Generation drug will you give
a. Cephalexin
b. Cefazolin
c. Cefadroxil
d. Cephalotin
b. Cefazolin
100
Maju has UTI. What 2nd Generation drug will you give her
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin
a. Cefuroxime
101
Gela has B. Fragilis. What 2nd Generation drug will you give her
a. Cefuroxime
b. Cefoxitin
b. Cefoxitin
102
What are penicillin derivative that crosses the blood-brain barrier
procaine and benzathine
103
what are there 3 beta-lactamase inhibitors
* Clavulanic Acid
* Sulbactam
* Tazobactam
104
Known as anti-staphylococcal penicillin
methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
105
Used to treat MRSA and MRSE
Vancomycin & Clindamycin
106
Treatment for
* Enterococci
* Escherichia coli
* Haemophilus Influenza
* Listeria monocytogenes
* Moxarella catarrhalis
* Proteus mirabilis
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
107
Allergy caused by Penicillin
* * Urticaria
* * Fever
* * Hemolytic Anemia
* * Severe Pruritus
* * Joint Swelling
* * Nephritis
108
GI Disturbance caused by Penicillin
* Usually caused by Penicillin
* Nausea & Diarrhea
* Pseudo Membranous Colitis
109
T/F
Increase in generation in Cephalosporin is increase activity for gram (+) bacteria; decrease activity for gram (-) bacteria
False
decrease activity for gram (+) bacteria; increase activity for gram (-) bacteria
110
What is the common moa of cephalosporins
oral route
111
Third generation cephalosphorin used for B. fragilis
Ceftizoxime
112
Single injection of ____ is used for acute otitis media
Ceftriaxone
113
Allergy caused by Cephalosphorin
- Skin rashes to anaphylactic shock
114
Other beta-lactam drugs that is monobactam
Astreonam
115
An inhibitor of cell wall synthesis binding to PBP3
Astreonam
116
Other beta-lactam drugs eliminated via renal tubular secretion
Astreonam
117
Toxicity caused by Astreonam
* Vertigo
* Headache
* Rare hepatoxicity
* Skin rash
118
A carbapenem rapidly inactivated by renal rehydropeptidase I
Imipinem
119
Adverse effects caused by Imipinem-Cilastin
* GI distress
* Skin Rash
* Confusion
* Encephalopathyt
* Seizures
120
Causes lesions to bacterial cell wall
autolytic enzymes
121
May cause hypoprothrombinemia
Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefofetan
122
Cephalosporin that has coverage for MRSA
Ceftaroline
123
Partly excreted in bile
AMPICILLIN AND NAFCILLIN
