unit 6 history Flashcards
totalitarianism
government ran by a dictator
dictator
ruler that has total power and full control of the country
fascism
government that revolves around extreme nationalism
communism
government with no class structure
why did totalitarianism occur?
citizens felt hopeless and were ready for change
how did totalitarians gain support?
they would rally citizens and gain support by using extreme nationalism
how did totalitarians remain in power?
used secret police to suppress rivals, had full control the economy, rigged elections, press was controlled, used propaganda to make the leader look good,fear tactics
Quarantine Speech
made by FDR, expressed how Americans should be more non interventionalists
Four Freedom Speech
made by FDR, U.S. began supporting the Allied powers even though we were not in the war yet
The Atlantic Charter
the U.S. and Britain’s vision for the postwar world
main points of The Atlantic Charter?
- nation’s right to chose it’s own government, 2. the easing of trade restrictions, 3. postwar peace
The Lend-Lease Act
U.S. would lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed “vital to the defense of the U.S.”
Pearl Harbor
U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii where Japanese fighters dropped bombs; the day after FDR asked Congress to declare war on Japan
why was Pearl Harbor chosen?
was not expecting an attack so close to home, facilities were undefended, all planes were in the same area, it was an easy target
Winston Churchill
prime minister of the UK
Stalin
dictator of the Soviet Union
FDR
president of the U.S.
Hitler
leader of Germany
Tojo
prime minister of Japan
Mussolini
primer minister of Italy
Harry Truman
vice president when Pearl Harbor was attacked, responsible for dropping the bomb on Japan
George C. Marshall
army chief of staff
Dwight Eisenhower
in charge of the plans for the invasion of Europe
Douglas Macarthur
in charge of the troops against Japan
Battle of Midway
turning point in the war, U.S. could start island hopping
island hopping
capture certain key islands until Japan was within range of American bombers
Iwo Jima
part of island hopping strategy, has 3 airfields that could serve as a staging facility for a potential invasion of mainland Japan
Okinawa
last major battle with Japan before the atomic bomb was dropped
D-Day
Allied forces stormed the beaches of Normandy (invasion of France), U.S., British, and Canadian troops
Battle of the Bulge
surprise attack by Germany
Tuskegee Airmen
unit of African Americans piolets
442nd Regimental Combat Team
unit of Japanese Americans that fought in Europe
101st Airborne
paratroopers in WW2
Navajo Code Talkers
Native Americans of the Navajo Nation served as code talkers, translated messages into coded version of the Navajo language
women in the work force
took jobs that men left to go fight in the war, women made ammo, weapons, etc.
Rosie the Riveter
propaganda used by the government to get women to enter the work force
Aviation Corporation (AVCO)
employers of women in NAshville, TN, produced aircrafts
Women in the armed forces
women worked as nurses, droke trucks, repaired planes, etc
Cornelia Fort
a Nashville native, member of the Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron, took new planes from factories to military bases
Japanese Internment
FDR signed order 9066 that gave the army power to establish military zoneswith camps for Japanese Americans
Internment Camp conditions
could only bring what they could carry to the camps, had to leave or sell their homes, businesses, unable to work to pay off loans, lived in tight living quarters
Korematsu v. U.S.
FBI arrested them for failure to report to a relocation center, ruled the case that it was a “military necessity” and not based on race
Holocaust
genocide of about 6 million Jews by the Nazis
rationing
system where food would be distributed more fairly
Bond drives
citizens would give loans to the government; financed the war cost
movement to cities
because was so heavily needed and jobs were available in cities, people migrated to cities for these jobs
Bracero Program
was created because many farmers argued that ww2 would bring labor shortages to low paying ag jobs
Mexican Farm Labor Program
use of Mexican agricultural labor on the U.S. farms, kept ag production going in American
conversion of factories for wartime production
set the tone for the country about how we were going to go hard on producing good
where were prisoner of war camps for Nazis located in TN?
Camp Forest, Campbell, Tyson, and Crossville
Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC)
to help prevent discrimination against African Americans
Integration of Armed Forces
Truman abolished segregation in the armed forces
Little Boy
1st bombed dropped, more damage, Hiroshima
Fat Man
2nd bomb dropped, less damage, Nagasaki
Truman Speech
explains how big the bombs impact had
Yalta Conference
goal was to reach an agreement on what to do with Germany, the Big 3 divided Germany into 4 parts
What parts of Germany were occupied by who?
Soviet Union occupied the Eastern half, U.S., Britain, and France occupied the Western half
Potsdam Conference
Growing concern in American about the spread of Communism, Truman hoped that Stalin would keep the free elections, but he did not
United Nations
was meant to encourage cooperation among nations and to prevent future wars
Cordell Hull
promoted the creation of the United Nations
