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Unit 6 - Food, Housing & Health Flashcards

1
Q

Food insecurity (FI)

A

The inability to access adequate food bc of FINANCIAL constraints

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2
Q

What are some criteria that suggest some level of FI?

A
  • Worry about not having enough food
  • Reliance on low-cost foods
  • Not able to afford balanced meals
  • Adults/children skip meals
  • Adults/children cut size of meals
  • Adults/children not having enough to eat
  • Adult lost weight
  • Adults/children not eating for whole day

ALL B/C THERE WASN’T ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY FOOD

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3
Q

Where are most food-insecure households?

A

In the workforce

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4
Q

What is the main source of income for food-insecure households?

A

Wages (salaries) - 65%

  • 65% reported their main source of income as wages or salaries from employment
  • Simply having a job is not enough
  • Low-waged jobs and precarious work means people in the workforce often don’t have enough income to be food-secure
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5
Q

Are families always in constant hunger?

A
  • Move in and out of hunger very easily
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6
Q

Give some examples of how hunger can infiltrate in a family

A
  • the birth of a child
  • a change in the number of parents in the home
  • a decline in health of a family member
  • a change in employment hours
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7
Q

Limited data suggests that rising out of hunger best occurs when a mother obtains _______

A

Limited data suggests that rising out of hunger best occurs when a mother obtains full-time employment

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8
Q

What are the 3 classifications of HFI?

A

Marginal HFI
Moderate HFI
Severe HFI

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9
Q

What does HFI stand for?

A

Household Food Insecurity

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10
Q

What’s happening in marginal HFI?

A

concerned about running out of food and limitations to food variety

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11
Q

What’s happening in moderate HFI?

A

inadequate quality or quantity of foods

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12
Q

What’s happening in severe HFI?

A

reduced food intake or disrupted eating

  • not having the intake of food you need
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13
Q

As HFI severity increases, the risk for what also increases?

A
  • Depression and anxiety disorders
  • Mood disorders
  • Suicidal thoughts
  • The worse the food insecurity, the greater likelihood of poor health
  • Important to know your patients’ level of food security
    - Integrate food security into every conversation with patients (add it to your normal, ask everyone)
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14
Q

The more food insecure you are, the ____ your mental health outcomes are

A

The more food insecure you are, the worse your mental health outcomes are

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15
Q

What can food insecurity lead to?

A

Hunger

Inadequate nutritional intake and low intake of produce and milk

An inability to acquire food in socially acceptable ways

Stress over food procurement

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16
Q

How might parents (especially mothers) try to shield their children from food insecurity?

A

By reducing their own personal food consumption

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17
Q

What are health complications that are at higher rates for adults living with HFI?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Heart disease
  • Hypertension
  • Arthritis
  • Back problems
  • Multiple chronic conditions
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18
Q

How does childhood HFI effect on health in childhood?

A
  • Hyperactivity
  • Inattention
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19
Q

How does childhood HFI affect health in adolescence and early adulthood?

A
  • Asthma
  • Depression
  • Suicidal ideation
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20
Q

Who spent the most money on health costs?

A

Ppl that are more food insecure
- The more food insecure you are, the more unhealthy you are, thus need to spend more for health care

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21
Q

Ppl who are ___ food insecure will be more likely to choose food over medication (when they’re sick)

A

Ppl who are more food insecure will be more likely to choose food over medication (when they’re sick)

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22
Q

How many households in Canada are food insecure?

A

One in eight households in Canada is food insecure

  • 4.4 million people
  • including more than 1.2 million children
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23
Q

_____% of the children in Nunavut live in food-insecure households

A

78.7% of the children in Nunavut live in food-insecure households

24
Q

Which province has the highest prevalence of food insecurity?

A

Nunavut - 57%

25
Which province has the lowest prevalence of food insecurity?
Quebec - 11.1%
26
The highest rates of food insecurity are found among households where individuals identified as _______ or _____
The highest rates of food insecurity are found among households where individuals identified as Indigenous or Black
27
Would do recent laws and food policies to improve food charity include?
-Absolving donors of liability for food safety - you're protected if the food you donated is not safe (eg. expired) -Tax credits for local producers -Local Food Infrastructure Fund (federal support for food banks)
28
Are food banks the answer?
No - it is not the answer but it does help - Most HFI households do not use food banks - Food charity does not move ppl out of food insecurity
29
What is the solution to food insecurity?
Income - Sufficient enough to choose and have a choice in food intake
30
Problems with food banks
- Stigma in food drives - thus not a lot of ppl go b/c of it - Temporary - Last resort - Transportation - Children - who will take care of the children when you go to food banks - Criteria required to get food - No proper place to store food - Not enough staff - Not a variety of food - Most foods are not too healthy
31
What are policies needed to address HFI?
1. income-based policies & interventions 2. policy addressing additional SDoH - includes: housing, employment, early childhood care
32
Why do none of these recommendations include household food insecurity (HFI) - specific interventions?
B/c HFI usually is an unintended consequence from other SDoH
33
What is food security for Indigenous communities?
- Not just having enough food to eat or sufficient household funds to purchase processed foods that may be more accessible - What is needed is a restoration of sustainable relationships to the Land, culture, and communities, and advance reconciliation efforts alongside social and environmental justice - Seed sowing
34
Did non-Indigenous or Indigenous ppl suffer more from HFI?
Indigenous ppl
35
What are policy examples to support Seed Sowing?
- Create opportunities to build partnerships across jurisdictions - Eliminate barriers to Land access - Create space for Indigenous governance - Simplify legal processes and documentation to support the transfer of Land agreements and trusts - Support Land-based learning with Indigenous organizations - Centre Indigenous Peoples and Indigenous Knowledge in these opportunities
36
The best way to increase individuals’ intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is to?
Require the government to ensure that healthy foods are accessible and affordable
37
Food insecurity is an ______ problem?
An income problem
38
Food insecurity has significant negative _____ and ______ effects on Canadians
Food insecurity has significant negative health and wellness effects on Canadians
39
Are food insecurity proportionately affecting all groups of ppl?
No Disproportionately affects certain groups of people more than others based on age, race, family status, gender, etc
40
What does food security also include in many Indigenous contexts?
Includes reconciliation and sustainable connections to the Land
41
Core housing need
Living in a housing that's not affordable, suitable & adequacy
42
What's the trend in core housing need?
Increasing
43
3 main factors in core housing
Affordability Suitability Adequacy
44
What's the % of ppl in core housing?
13% of Canadians are in core housing need ​ 27% of renters are in core housing need
45
Who is in core housing need?
- Lone-parent – especially female-led households (33% in core housing need)​ - Immigrant/refugee – especially recently arrivals (27%/49%)​ - Indigenous (1.4x more often in core housing need than non-Indigenous households)​ - Disability (27%)​ - Nunavut (37%) - Also students (post-secondary)
46
Core housing need: Affordability
Housing is affordable when its costs are less than 30% of the household’s gross income
47
Core housing need: Suitability
Housing is suitable when there are enough bedrooms for the number and make-up of household members as measured by the National Occupancy Standard (NOS)
48
Core housing need: Adequacy
Housing is adequate when it is not in need of major repairs to plumbing, structure, electrical or any other integral system
49
Over a ______ ppl worldwide are not adequately housed
Over a billion ppl worldwide are not adequately housed
50
What is the right to housing?
- right to live somewhere in security, peace and dignity - recognized as a right since 1948
51
True or false There are a lot of ppl on a waiting list for subsidized housing
True - In Hamilton, have to wait 7-10 yrs for housing
52
Examples of housing policy recommendations Raphael et al. (2020)
Increasing funding of social housing programs for low-income Canadians Support non-profit and co-operative housing sectors
53
Examples of housing policy recommendations RNAO (2009)
Policy to reduce discrimination in rental housing Policy to address the gap between housing costs and tenant incomes Policy to increase access to supportive community-based housing
54
What is COHB?
Canada-Ontario Housing Benefit - Get ppl off social housing list if they take this benefit - Have to apply - Has many criteria to meet
55
Who are COHB priorities given to?
Survivors of domestic violence and human trafficking Indigenous persons Persons with disabilities requiring modified units Households on the Centralized Waiting List with the oldest application dates
56
Housing & Health
Higher rates of morbidity/mortality for many infections/diseases are associated with housing insecurity - eg. blood-borne infections, mental health challenges, respiratory infections, chronic diseases, etc
57
Why is studying housing insecurity and health complicated?
- Inequities tend to be clustered (so it is hard to isolate one cause) - The context is often missing - People experiencing homelessness have an 8 to 10 times greater likelihood of early death compared to the greater population - Core housing need is important to understand because it is a precursor to homelessness

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