Unit 5 - Education & Health Flashcards
Higher education is ________ associated with better health
Higher education is positively associated with better health
Education is correlated with other SDOH such as?
Income, employment security and working conditions
- Having more education makes it easier to enact overall change in the employment market
- eg. New training opportunities, civic activities and engagement, etc
- Many things decide if you can get good education
Education increases overall ___ and ____
Education increases overall literacy and health literacy
- More skills to adopt healthy behaviours
How does education plays a role in pay?
- Women with Bachelor’s degree earn about 63% more than women with a hs diploma
- Men with Bachelor’s degree earn about 45% more than men with a high school diploma
- There is still a gender gap tho
- Men with the same diploma as women makes more money
What is shocking about apprenticeship b/w men and women?
Women in apprenticeship makes A LOT less than men in apprenticeship
- Even less than men with a hs diploma
B/c there is a stigma about women in apprenticeship (don’t trust women)
What is a test that measures educational performance?
The PISA test (Program for International Student Assessment)
Who runs the PISA test?
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
What does PISA test measure?
Measures educational performance globally in standard education subjects
Canada’s _______ score among the highest in the world on the PISA
Canada’s adolescents score among the highest in the world on the PISA
- Especially notable, is how newcomer children integrate rapidly into Canadian educational systems
Who does better in PISA test between Canadian-born and foreign-born Canadian children?
They do EQUALLY well
- No big differences between b/w immigrants and Canadian born
- Migrant children perform at a similar level to non-migrant children in Canada
- This is an international anomaly
Which level of government runs education?
Education is run provincially
- educational policies, design, and delivery are unique to each province
Teachers
Well paid by international standards
Highly trained
Have access to resources to support children who are struggling
___% of the Canadian population has post-secondary education
55%
How do children’s parents’ educations impacts their learning?
Children whose parents do NOT have post-secondary education perform WORSE than children of more educated parents
Why might children whose parents do not have post-secondary education perform worse than children of more educated parents?
- Parents may not have the income to let children to receive a better education
- B/c parents do not have a high (post-secondary) level of education, they are more unlikely to find a good job, thus, possibly less income
- Don’t have the same support at home
- eg. parents might not have the education needed to help their children with homework, no tutors, etc
- If children don’t see their parents going to post-secondary, they might also not
- Parents might not value education
- No internal drive in children for post-secondary
Why value post-secondary?
- Culture
- eg. Asian communities
- Have to get the education in order to get the job you want
- eg. to become a nurse, you need post-secondary education
- allow you to have a higher chance getting a job thus income
- Social construction
- norms
- eg. have to get good education to get good job, etc
What subject do you see a bigger gap between schools in lower-income communities vs higher-income communities?
Math
- Children in lower-income do significantly worse
What is ECEC?
Early Childhood Education and Care
- A day care program
Why is there a push for ECEC?
Want to get women into the workplace
- without daycare, they can not go in the workplace b/c they have to take care of their children
What is high quality ECEC important for?
Important for the growth, development and health of a child
What is one of the biggest barriers for families to access ECEC?
High costs
- Many families do not qualify for subsidies so they must pay out of pocket
- day care is very expensive
- Very dependent on parent’s income
What are the 4 ECEC policy goals?
- enhancing children’s well being, healthy development and lifelong learning
- supporting parents in education, training and employment
- strong communities
- providing equity
What is ECEC goal #1 focused on?
GOAL ONE – Enhancing children’s well-being, healthy development, and lifelong learning
- Quality matters (well-educated staff, size, etc)
- The ratio b/w staff & kid
What is ECEC goal #2 focused on?
GOAL TWO – Supporting parents in education, training, and employment
- Childcare allows parents (often single mothers) to upgrade education and/or enroll in education/training (*increase income)
What is ECEC goal #3 focused on?
GOAL THREE – Strong communities
- Ensures that young children learn to respect diversity and develop their own identity
- Parents come together to build social networks and support
What is ECEC goal #4 focused on?
GOAL FOUR – Providing Equity
- ECEC basic human right (especially for those with disabilities and women)
What should high quality ECEC have?
- Low staff to child ratios
- Staff who have an education in ECEC + decent working conditions/wages
- Right now they are not being paid a lot and are short staffed
- Ensure consistent adult and peer groups in well-designed environments
- Provide challenging, non-didactic, play-based, creative, enjoyable activities
- Not learning based
What does good ECEC needs to be?
ECEC needs to be EARLY, INTENSIVE & SYSTEMATIC
What are critiques of ECEC?
No systematic/integrated/universal approach – “tangle of programs”
- Incoherent development
- Eligibility criteria segregated by race, class, income etc. – siloed programming
- A daycare may only have kids of a certain race (may be on purpose or happened naturally)
- Unlike kindergarten where there’s a curriculum
Disconnect between ECEC and education system
- Kindergarten treated as a public good. Responsibility for care is primarily private
- User fees a barrier
Inadequate wages and training
- Canadian caregivers receive little public support, few resources, and unacceptably low wages
Lack of systematic attention to monitoring and data collection
- No reliable, consistent, comparable data on various aspects of ECEC that can inform policy or improve service provision
- Don’t have reliable, consistent data for ECEC
Unstable investment and long-term agenda (changes based on which government is in power)
What is the federal and provincial response to the critiques on ECEC?
Canada-Ontario Early Learning and Child Care Agreement
The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, and the Premier of Ontario, Doug Ford, today announced an agreement that will deliver affordable, inclusive, and high-quality child care for families in Ontario.
- March 28, 2022
What is the goal of the Canada-Ontario Early Learning and Child Care Agreement?
- Deliver 10$/day childcare for Ontario families by 2026
- Create 86,000additional licensed early learning and child care spaces across the province
- Save families approximately $6,000 per child each year
Child care is rarely seen as an _______ for children
Child care is rarely seen as an entitlement for children
