Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1RR3 > Unit 4 - Work & Health > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Work & Health Flashcards

1
Q

What can unemployment lead to?

A
  • Material and social deprivation (things you do not have)
  • Psychological stress
  • Adoption of health-threatening coping behaviours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is unemployment associated with?

A

Physical & mental health problems

eg. depression, anxiety, increased suicide rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can job insecurity cause?

A

Burnout
Mental/psychological problems
Poor self-rated health
Variety of somatic complaints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is OECD?

A

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does OECD guidelines set?

A

Set standards for responsible business conduct across a range of issues (eg. human rights, labour rights, and the environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is Canada ranked according to the OECD guidelines?

A

Ranks very poorly

  • 35 out of 36 in employment protection index of rules and regulations that protects employment and provides benefits to temporary workers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are working conditions important SDoH?

A
  • Great amount of time spent in workplace
  • People already vulnerable are most likely to experience
    health threatening working conditions
  • Depending on the job placement, there may be benefits that will decide if you have access to other things (eg. dentist)
  • Types of job –> safety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the key work dimensions that shape health outcomes?

A

Job strain
Effort-reward imbalance
Organizational justice
Work hours
Status inconsistency
Precarious work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Precarious employment

A

Work is uncertain, insecure, unstable
- Insecurity exists across various dimensions of work and social & economic vulnerability

eg. Temporary, part time, contractual jobs
- Uncertain when will work next, when will get paycheck, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is healthcare as a precarious profession in Canada?

A

Health care is third in the % of professionals in each industry reporting have some type of precarious work

  • Most jobs in healthcare are temporary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

More than __ in __ Canadian professionals have precarious jobs

A

More than 1 in 5 Canadian professionals have precarious jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does age affect precarious jobs?

A

Ppl 65+ have more precarious work
- Second place is ppl 20-34 yrs old

  • Ageist
  • Many ppl 65+ are going back to work after retirement
  • New to the field, just starting (ppl 20-34 yrs old)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Historical labour market transformation (4 stages)

A
  1. Farming/agriculure
  2. 1st & 2nd industrial revolution
    • railroad
    • unions
  3. 3rd industrial revolution - technology/knowledge economy
    • electricity
    • credentials (qualifications)
  4. 4th industrial revolution - artificial intelligence
    • some deliver fast samples to labs
    • some do surgeries with doctors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Historical labour market transformation (4 stages)

A
  1. Farming/agriculture
  2. 1st & 2nd industrial revolution
    • railroad
    • unions
  3. 3rd industrial revolution - technology/knowledge economy
    • electricity
    • credentials (qualifications)
  4. 4th industrial revolution - artificial intelligence
    • some deliver fast samples to labs
    • some do surgeries with doctors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the labour market today?

A
  • Careers related to the development of projects (consultant, project management, coordinator)
  • Work in several jobs over the course of a lifetime
    • jobs are very unstable
  • Creates “boundaryless” (nomadic/unstable) careers vs. “vertical ladder” careers
  • Need a lot of credentials to get a job
    • can get a lot of degrees
    • can get a lot of certifications online
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Boundaryless career

A

Often represents tech/knowledge economy: mobile
work, networks and virtual communities of practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Traditional Career

A

Represents industrial work: one stop shop, first job/last
job, climbing the vertical ladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cons of boundaryless career

A
  • More flexibility in jobs & self-employment
  • False sense of self-employment
  • Precarious work (lack of stability, permanence and/or benefits)
  • New classifications of employment statuses (casual, contract, temporary, reduced-time, part-time, etc.)
    – “gig” economy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Unemployment rate

A

Number of ppl in the labour force (15-64 yrs old) actively looking for a job & ppl who are able to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Employment rate

A

Employed divided by the total labour force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who is included in the unemployment rate?

A

Homeless ppl
Ppl who do not want to work
Ppl who are able to work

Not included:
- Ppl who are retired
- Students (full-time)
- Ppl who physically can not work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Precariat

A

Precarious (insecure) + proletariat (working class)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does security equal?

A

Control

24
Q

Job security

A

Enables economic and social inclusion

25
Q

Income security

A

Economic inclusion

  • Has multiple streams of income (will be fine economically)
26
Q

Intersectionality

A

The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage

27
Q

Racialized Canadians throughout the years

A

1980 - 5.% were racialized Canadians
2006 - 16.2%
2031 - 32% 1/3 of Canada’s population

28
Q

Pay gap b/w racialized Canadians

A
  • Racialized workers earn 81.4 cents per dollar compared to non-racialized workers
  • Will not see this in strong unions
29
Q

Why is there a pay gap between races in Canada in the workplace?

A
  • Racialized workers are more willing to work but have a harder time finding jobs
  • Jobs found are more likely to be part-time, low-wage, insecure
30
Q

Employment Inequity:

Gender-based inequity

A

Non-racialized women earn 69 cents per dollar non-racialized men earn

Women earn less than men

31
Q

Employment Inequity:

Race-based inequity

A
  • racialized men earn 76 cents per dollar non-racialized men earn
  • racialized women earn 85 cents for every dollar non-racialized women earn

Non-racialized men earn more than racialized men
Non-racialized women earn more than racialized women

32
Q

Employment Inequity:

Gender-based + race-based inequity (intersectionality)

A

Racialized women earn 58 cents per dollar non-racialized men earn

Racialized women earn about half what non-racialized men earn

33
Q

How did Covid-19 affect the labour market for Indigenous and Racialized workers?

A
  • Impacts more severe for Indigenous and racialized
    households (greater economic hardship)
  • Employment in industries at risk of job losses
  • Employment in occupations at risk of infections
    • Had to work during the outbreak of covid
  • Unemployment and employment gap
34
Q

% of households facing hardships 2020-2022

A

28% of Indigenous Peoples
31% of racialized households
16% of white households

Racialized households affected the most, then Indigenous ppl, then white households

35
Q

Unemployment Rates:

Indigenous vs Non-Indigenous

A
  • Women overall have higher unemployment rates
  • Indigenous women has the highest unemployment rate, then non-Indigenous women, then Indigenous men, then non-indigenous men
  • Unemployment rate has been increasing for Indigenous women in 2021
  • Unemployment rate has been decreasing for non-Indigenous women in 2021
  • Unemployment rate has been decreasing for both groups of men
    • Indigenous men still has a higher % of unemployment rate than non-Indigenous men
36
Q

Unemployment Rates:

Racialized vs White Workers

A
  • Women are employed in occupations with a higher risk of infections
    • Racialized women and white women are very similar in percentage
    • White men are least likely to be in those occupations
  • Unemployment rate has been decreasing for both groups in 2021
    • Racialized group still has a higher % of unemployment even though both groups are decreasing
  • Employment rates for both groups are increasing
    • Racialized group still has a lower % of being employed
    • But the gap b/w the % of the two groups has been decreasing compared to 2020
37
Q

Jobs in pandemic

Racialized workers concentrated in the 3 industries that were ______?

A
  • Most likely to suffer job losses
  • More concentrated in frontline occupations with high infection risk
    • In health care, more racialized workers are working more dangerous jobs/positions
38
Q

What is a factor of the new economy?

A

Flexible production

Goods produced faster and cheaper –> consequence
–> people change brands more often & want latest product

39
Q

How do companies cope with flexible production of the new economy?

A

Functional flexibility
- Workers work harder and longer
- how workers can work more efficiently
- Focus on outcomes (“lean production”)

Numerical flexibility
- Downsizing
- Part-time/contract
- Focus on cost-reduction

40
Q

Flexible production and health:

Intensification of work

A
  • Leisure sickness
  • unable to rest b/c required to work
  • work getting harder
  • repetitive strain injuries (less visible and hard to connect to one job)
    • eg. typing, using a mouse
41
Q

Flexible production and health:

Non-standard work hours

A
  • longer non-standard hours
  • physiological & psychological health disturbances
  • family conflict
42
Q

Flexible production and health:

Precarious work

A
  • poorer conditions
  • low control of job
    • low control of your life
  • less socialization
43
Q

Flexible production and health:

Job insecurity

A
  • associations between illness and downsizing
    • downsizing –> possible to lose job
  • family dynamics and parenting
44
Q

Flexible production and health:

Employment insecurity

A
  • stress of no employment options
  • can’t find a job specific to their degree
45
Q

Flexible production and health:

Income insecurity

A
  • income inadequacy (poverty) associated with ill health
    eg. depression
46
Q

Who are the most impacted populations with precarious works?

A
  • Women
  • Youth
  • New Immigrants
  • Racialized Minorities
  • Persons with Disabilities
  • Persons with Lower Education
  • insecurity is not randomly distributed
  • the influence of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, etc. on the SDOH
47
Q

Who does “flexibility” mostly benefits

A

“flexibility” mostly benefits high-skilled/educated workers

48
Q

What are the key dimensions of a “good” job

A
  1. Secure – Permanent With Benefits
  2. Addresses Workplace Injuries
  3. Control–Autonomy At Work
  4. Opportunities For Self-development (Paid) – Allows For Advancement (eg. conferences)
  5. Free Time – Vacation, Limit Work Taken Home, Etc.
  6. Work-Life Balance – Time Stress (e.g. Child And Elder Care)
  7. Attention To Social Aspects Of Job (Positive and Negative)
49
Q

Key dimensions of work-related health

A

Job strain
Effort-reward imbalance
Organizational justice (eg. good boss, manager)
Work hours
Status inconsistency (education is much higher than what is required/needed)
Precarious work

50
Q

Work and Health: What Should Be Done?

Research and Education

A

Research and Education
* More KT re: link between precarious employment and health

51
Q

Work and Health: What Should Be Done?

Cultural Change

A

Cultural Change
* More employer social accountability

52
Q

Work and Health: What Should Be Done?

Institutional Change

A

Institutional Change
* Free trade vs. fair trade (think about the impact on people)

53
Q

Work and Health: What Should Be Done?

Power and Equity

A

Power and Equity
* Address that those already economically marginalized are disproportionately impacted by “flexible” workplace strategies
* How to ensure the ppl most vulnerable are still treated fairly

54
Q

Work and Health: What Should Be Done?

Policy and Legislation

A

Policy and Legislation
* Increased minimum wage
* Incentives to hire permanent staff
* Access to training opportunities, EI, pension plans
* Occupational health for well-being vs reducing injury/illness

55
Q
A

Policy Implications
* Support working life so demands and rewards are balanced
* Improve conditions in high-strain jobs
* Collective and organized action (unionization) as means to balance power between employers and employees

1RR3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions