Unit 6 - DNA & Protein Synthesis Vocab

Question 1

Deoxyribose

Answer 1

The sugar found in a nucleotide of DNA

Question 2

Hydrogen bond

Answer 2

A weak bond that holds nitrogen bases together in DNA

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

Monomer of a nucleic acid made of three parts (a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base)

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic Acid; contains the sugar deoxyribose and is double-stranded

Question 5

Nitrogen base

Answer 5

One piece of a nucleotide with 5 options (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil)

Question 6

Complementary

Answer 6

A relationship between two things that work together

Question 7

Double Helix

Answer 7

2 rows of DNA nucleotides joined like a twisted ladder

Question 8

Covalent bond

Answer 8

A very strong bond, used between the sugar and phosphate groups to form the backbone of DNA

Question 9

Adenine

Answer 9

A nitrogen base represented by the letter A (used in DNA and RNA), pairs with T or U

Question 10

Guanine

Answer 10

A nitrogen base, represented by the letter G (used in DNA and RNA), pairs with C

Question 11

Cytosine

Answer 11

A nitrogen base, represented by the letter C (used in DNA and RNA), pairs with G

Question 12

Thymine

Answer 12

A nitrogen base, represented by the letter T (used in DNA), pairs with A

Question 13

DNA replication

Answer 13

The process where DNA is copied into two semi-conservative strands during S-phase of the cell cycle

Question 14

Semiconservative

Answer 14

Half new and half original

Question 15

Replication

Answer 15

To make a copy of something

Question 16

RNA

Answer 16

Ribonucleic Acid; contains the sugar ribose and is single-stranded

Question 17

Uracil

Answer 17

A nitrogen base, represented by the letter U (used in RNA), pairs with A

Question 18

Ribose

Answer 18

The sugar that makes the nucleotide of RNA

Question 19

Proteins

Answer 19

Construction materials of the body (bone and muscle), enzymes, regulate cell processes

Question 20

Amino Acid

Answer 20

Monomer of a protein (is coded for using a codon chart)

Question 21

Synthesize

Answer 21

To make

Question 22

Protein Synthesis

Answer 22

The process by which proteins are made

Question 23

Transcription

Answer 23

The process by which a strand of mRNA is assembled based on the section of DNA it needs to transport to the ribosome

Question 24

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

Answer 24

A type of RNA that is made in the nucleus to carry DNA’s message to the ribosome

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

Helps control cell activities and is known as the brain, is the location of transcription

Question 26

Translation

Answer 26

The process where mRNA enters the ribosomes and gives instructions for joining amino acids together to make proteins

Question 27

Ribosomes

Answer 27

An organelle that synthesizes proteins, the location of translation

Question 28

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

Answer 28

A type of RNA that is folded into a T shape an it “transfers” amino acids to the ribosome where they are put together to make a protein, contains the anticodon

Question 29

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Answer 29

A type of RNA made up of many other strands of RNA that join up with certain proteins to make the ribosome

Question 30

Codon

Answer 30

A group of 3 bases on a strand of mRNA (matches with the anticodon)

Question 31

Anticodon

Answer 31

A group of 3 based on a strand of tRNA, matches with the codon

Question 32

Mutation

Answer 32

A permanent change in an organism’s DNA sequence (the nitrogen bases)

Question 33

Genetic Diversity

Answer 33

Differences in the DNA of organisms that cause physical differences, caused by mutations

Question 34

Radiation

Answer 34

Certain types of energy (from x-rays or the sun) cause bonds in DNA to break, damaging the DNA

Question 35

Point/Substitiution

Answer 35

A type of mutation when a single “point” on the DNA strand is changed/substituted for another (one nucleotide), may or may not change the amino acids

Question 36

Frameshift (addition/deletion)

Answer 36

A type of mutation where one nucleotide is either added (addition) or subtracted (deletion) that causes the DNA “frame” to shift, all amino acids are affected