Unit 6 - Cold War to Modern Era

Question 1

Ideologies

Answer 1

A system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Question 2

Communism

Answer 2

A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 3

Capitalism

Answer 3

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.

Question 4

NATO

Answer 4

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A group of thirty-one countries from Europe and North America that exists to protect the people and territory of its members.

Question 5

Space Race

Answer 5

A twentieth-century competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to achieve superior spaceflight capability. Happened in the ballistic missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations following World War II.

Question 6

Arms Race

Answer 6

A competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons between the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Question 7

Containment

Answer 7

A geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism.

Question 8

Iron Curtain

Answer 8

The ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union after World War II to seal off itself and its dependent eastern and central European allies from open contact with the West and other non-communist areas.

Question 9

Berlin Blockade & Airlift

Answer 9

The Soviet leader imposed the Berlin Blockade cutting off all land and river transit between West Berlin and West Germany. The Western Allies responded with a massive airlift to come to West Berlin’s aid.

Question 10

McCarthyism

Answer 10

The political practice of publicizing accusations of being communist with insufficient regard to evidence.

Question 11

Blacklisted

Answer 11

The list of people that were shunned or excluded by America because they are alleged to have engaged in communism.

Question 12

HUAC

Answer 12

The House Un-American Activities Committee. Made to investigate alleged disloyalty and rebel activities on the part of private citizens, public employees and organizations suspected of having Communist ties.

Question 13

Baby Boom

Answer 13

A temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II.

Question 14

Suburbanization

Answer 14

A term to describe the growth and spatial reorganization of contemporary city. Houses looked very similar.

Question 15

Brinkmanship

Answer 15

The practice of trying to achieve an advantageous outcome by pushing dangerous events to the brink of active conflict.

Question 16

Armistice

Answer 16

An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.

Question 17

Civil Rights Movement

Answer 17

The nonviolent social movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement throughout the United States.

Question 18

Civil Disobedience

Answer 18

The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

Question 19

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 19

The direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War due to Cuba becoming communist and making nukes as of orders from the Soviet Union.

Question 20

Counterculture

Answer 20

A way of life and set of attitudes opposed to or at variance with the prevailing social norm.

Question 21

Poverty

Answer 21

The state of being extremely poor.

Question 22

Vietcong

Answer 22

A member of the communist guerrilla movement in Vietnam that fought the South Vietnamese government forces with the support of the North Vietnamese army and opposed the South Vietnamese and US forces in the Vietnam War.

Question 23

Vietnamization

Answer 23

The US policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam.

Question 24

OPEC

Answer 24

The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries; an organisation enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximize profit.

Question 25

SALT I & II

Answer 25

The first agreements signed by the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1972 and 1979, respectively, and were intended to restrain the arms race in strategic (long-range or intercontinental) ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons.

Question 26

Détente

Answer 26

The easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries.

Question 27

Watergate Scandal

Answer 27

The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon that led to Nixon’s resignation. The scandal stemmed from the Nixon administration’s persistent attempts to cover up its involvement in the June 17, 1972 burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Washington, D.C., Watergate Office Building.

Question 28

Impeachment

Answer 28

A charge of misconduct made against the holder of a public office.

Question 29

Camp David Accords

Answer 29

Established a framework for a historic peace treaty concluded between Israel and Egypt in March 1979.

Question 30

Iran Hostage Crisis

Answer 30

Iranian militants stormed the United States Embassy in Tehran and took approximately seventy Americans captive. This terrorist act triggered the most profound crisis of the Carter presidency and began a personal ordeal for Jimmy Carter and the American people that lasted 444 days.

Question 31

Equal Pay Act

Answer 31

A United States labor law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act; aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex.

Question 32

Title IX

Answer 32

Prohibits discrimination based on sex in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance.

Question 33

Rust Belt

Answer 33

The geographic region from New York through the Midwest that was once dominated by manufacturing.

Question 34

Sun Belt

Answer 34

Comprises the states of the South and the Southwest. The term was coined to describe both the warm climate of these regions and the rapid economic and population growth that have been characteristic since the 1960s.

Question 35

Reaganomics

Answer 35

The economic policies of the president Ronald Reagan, associated especially with the reduction of taxes and the promotion of unrestricted free-market activity.

Question 36

Iran Contra Affair

Answer 36

The scandal involved the United States Government selling weapons to Israel to sell weapons to Iran to fund the Nicaraguan Contras. It happened under President Ronald Reagan’s government.

Question 37

Ethnic Cleansing

Answer 37

The mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.

Question 38

Interdependence

Answer 38

The dependence of two or more people or things on each other.

Question 39

Multinational Corporation

Answer 39

A company that has business operations in at least one country other than its home country.

Question 40

Outsource

Answer 40

Obtain (goods or a service) from an outside or foreign supplier, especially in place of an internal source.

Question 41

Warsaw Pact

Answer 41

The political alliance made with the USSR and it’s allies.

Question 42

Yalta Conference

Answer 42

The World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe.

Question 43

Hawks/Doves

Answer 43

Hawks supported the Vietnam War. Doves did not support the Vietnam War.

Question 44

SEATO (South East Asian Treaty Organization)

Answer 44

An international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact.

Question 45

Intifada

Answer 45

The Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987.

Question 46

Perestroika

Answer 46

The policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labor efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning.

Question 47

Persian Gulf War

Answer 47

Iraq had accused the U.S. and Israel of deliberately weakening Iraq by convincing Kuwait to lower oil prices. Armed campaign waged by a 39-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.

Question 48

Civil Rights Act

Answer 48

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing.

Question 49

The Palmer Raids

Answer 49

A series of raids conducted by the United States Department of Justice under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson to capture and arrest suspected socialists, especially anarchists and communists, and deport them from the United States.

Question 50

The USA Patriot Act (2001)

Answer 50

Passed to protect the United States from terrorists. Prohibits knowingly harboring persons who have committed or are about to commit a variety of terrorist offenses

Question 51

Truman Doctrine

Answer 51

The principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or Communist insurrection. First expressed in 1947 by US President Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey, the doctrine was seen by the Communists as an open declaration of the Cold War.

Question 52

Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom

Answer 52

His successful 1912 presidential campaign; pledging to restore unfettered opportunity for individual action and to employ the power of government in behalf of social justice for all.

Question 53

The Federal Reserve System

Answer 53

The central bank of the United States. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.

Question 54

Native American Movement

Answer 54

Initially centered in urban areas in order to address systemic issues of poverty, discrimination, and police brutality against Native Americans.

Question 55

Consumer and Environmental Movement

Answer 55

Environmental movements demanded preservation and restoration of Earth’s environment. Inspired by Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring, condemning the chemicals that were poisoning the environment, groups organized around the country. Activists protested pollution and toxic wastes.

Question 56

Persons with Disabilities Movement

Answer 56

Advocated and tackled many disability rights issues by providing people with disabilities equal access to federally funded programs.

Question 57

Americans with Disabilities Act

Answer 57

Prohibits discrimination based on disabilities.

Question 58

Pure Food and Drug Act `

Answer 58

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of misbranded foods and drugs.