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Ap Euro > Unit 6 (ch. 20-21) > Flashcards

Unit 6 (ch. 20-21) Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Nationalisms conflict with principles of the congress of Vienna

A

Didn’t like
• Legitimacy: hieratory monarch (bourbon)
• multi nationalism: not in same ethnicity or state
• popular sovereignty: ppl. have the power

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1
Q

Characteristics of nationalism

A
  • Most important force/ ideology of 19th c.

* shared culture identity: language, religion, gov., ethnicity, geography, leader, history, policy

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2
Q

Regions of 19th c. liberals

A
  • Britain: Irish independence
  • Austria: German unification
  • Italy: Italian unification
  • Russia: Polish independence
  • E. Europe:
  • S.E Europe: Balkan independence
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3
Q

Definition of liberals according to conservative

A

• anything/ anyone oppose of conservative power

- traditional monarchy, church, aristocrats, govern.

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4
Q

Political goals of 19th century liberals

A
  • achieve constitutional gov. (Equality, religious toleration)
  • Britain and France (keep civic rights and expand electorate)
  • German and Austria (conservative resistance, unify Germany)
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5
Q

19th c. life falls and the origins of their ideas

A
  • Age of reasoning

* Age of Enlightenment

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6
Q

Economic goals of 19th c. liberals

A

Lasses faire:
• favored economic system, not mercantilism
• separate from working class
•remove internal trade, gill system/labor union
• encourage talent instead of property of bloodline
• agricultural innovation

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7
Q

Major pillars of 19th c. conservative

A
  • Throne: afraid of representatives gov.
  • land; nobilities: afraid of lost privileges, old regime, enlightenment
  • alter; church: fear loss of power, social status, dechristianization
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8
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A

• Austrian Empire
• most influential conservative authority; driving force of congress of Vienna
• Habsburg empire (hotspot for liberal and nationalism)
Dynastic integrity:
-multicultural wanted to unite as nation
-wanted suppress liberalism and nationalism, prevent constitutionalism

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9
Q

Burschenschaftens

A 
• Fraternity group
• clubs wanted to achieve liberal, national change 
• wanted unification of Germany
Carlsbad decreed:
- dissolve Burschenschaftens
- attacked groups that sought reform
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10
Q

Spa field riot

A
  • dec. 1816
  • London
  • illegal to gather
  • reaction to lord Liverpool’s ministery
  • suspension of habious corpus (due process of law)
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11
Q

Peterloo Massacre

A
  • 1819
  • in Manchester
  • 11 protestors died
  • local vs. Royals
  • rise up against Cohesive Act (suspension of habious corpus)
  • led to creation of 6 Acts
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12
Q

Six Acts

A

By lord Liverpool
• forbid unauthorized meeting
• rise fines for suspicious libels (sued for bad talking)
• speedy trial (prevent time for legal representation)
• increase price of newspaper article
• prohibited armed groups
• allowed non warranted house search

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13
Q

Louis XVIII as monarch

A 
• constitutional monarchy 
Charter:
-chamber of peers and chamber of disputes 
• reaffirm Rights of Men's
• Catholicism is official religion
• became conservative after Charles X
• bourbon
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14
Q

Major powers of congress of Vienna

A

Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain

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15
Q

Concert of Europe

A
  • resolve international issue
  • prevent war in France
  • congress system (congress of aix Le chapel)
  • greatest achievement of congress of Vienna
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16
Q

Ferdinand VII’s rule after the fall of Napoleon

A

• ruled in Spain
• originally constitutional gov., change mind
• dissolve Cortès
• order Spanish troops to put down Latin America; revolt by not going; agreed to rule constitutionally again
• Congress of Troppau
-Protocol of Troppau: declared that stable governments could intervene militarily if in danger of liberal revolution

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17
Q

Demand of treaty of London,1827

A

• Turkish recognition of Greek independence

Greece, England, France

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17
Q

Major accomplishments of George Canning

A
  • Pulled Britain out of continental affairs
  • focused in Western Hemisphere
  • prime minister
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17
Q

Revolts in Mediterranean Europe

A
  • Greek revolution of 1821

* Serbian independence

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18
Q

Spark of independence movements throughout Latin America

A
  • wars of French Revolution

* wars of Napoleon

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19
Q

Toussaint L’ Overture impact on Latin American independence

A
  • Governor General in Haiti
  • leader of Italian slave rebellion
  • abolished slavery in Haiti
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20
Q

Tsar Alexander I and political reforms

A

suppress liberal and nationalism

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21
Q

Events that exposed the backwardness of Russia to its soldiers

A
  • wars of Napoleon

* Russia occupy parts of France

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22
Q

Tsar Alexander’s successor

A

Nicolas

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23
Q

Northern and southern society

A
  • Northern: moderate, constitutional, abolished serfdom, preserve privileges of boyars
  • Southern: radical, representative gov, abolished serfdom, liberal
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24
Q

Nicolas I view on serfdom

A

It was an evil but not a right time to go away

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25
Q

Slogan of Tzar Nicholas I

A

Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationalism

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26
Q

Uniqueness/ significance of the Decembrist revolt

A
  • 1st real Russian revolution with specific reform in mind
  • wanted constitutional monarchy
  • 60 killed
  • wanted Constitution to limit tsar power
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27
Q

Russian Tsar and infringements upon other countries

A
  • Govern Poland as a puppet state

* Poland is colony of Russia

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28
Q

Four ordinances

A
  • passed by Charles X
  • aimed at liberal reform
  • dissolve chamber of disputes: cause for new elections
  • for absolutism
  • restricted freedom of press
  • limited franchises of the wealthy
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29
Q

Charles X and his domestic policies

A
  • reimbursed aristocrats who lost land in French rev.
  • restored primogeniture
  • believed in devine right of king
  • protected Catholic Church
30
Q

Facts about Louis Philippe

A
  • former Duke of Wellington
  • “July monarchy” “king of the French”
  • chose by the ppl.
  • liberal policies
  • expanded Algeria
  • end of bourbon
31
Q

Great reform bill and its impact on the English electorate

A
  • expand English electorate
  • voting increased by 50% (200,000 voters)
  • revolution is unnecessary
  • ground work for future reform
32
Q

Daniel O’Connell

A
  • “liberator” of Irish
  • won seat in British parliament, was catholic so couldn’t
  • wanted Irish independence
  • pass catholic Emancipation Act
33
Q

Great Britain and its supporter for independence in Latin America

A
  • for Latin American reform

* weakened Spain to open economic trade in Latin America

34
Q

Major events taking place in 1830

A
  • Serbian independence
  • greek independence
  • November uprising
  • July rev.
  • Belgian rev.
35
Q

French ruler from 1804-1848

A

Napoleon, Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis Philippe

36
Q

Where the industrial revolution encouraged Britain to invest in early 19th c.

A

United States and Latin America

37
Q

Population growth in Britain, France, Germany

A
  • Britain: 16-21
  • France: 32-36
  • Germany: 26-33
38
Q

Impact on cities due to 19th c. urbanization

A

Crime, pollution, disease, exhausted resources, starvation

39
Q

Emancipation of serfs in France, Prussia, Austria, Russia

A
  • France: August. 1789
  • Prussia: 1815
  • Austria: 1848
  • Russia: 1861
40
Q

Cause and effects of the Irish famine of 1845-49

A

• plantation: English exploiting Ireland
• poor laws: landowners take care of its worker, lead to mass eviction of Irish
• blight: too dependent on potatoes
• penal law: anti catholic social law on Irish
• emigration:
-1841: 8 mil
-1901: 4.5i mil

41
Q

Results of railway improvements on consumer goods

A

• focus production on capital wealth instead of consumer (⬅️becomes cheaper)

42
Q

Limits of workers in the new labor marketplace

A

Workers had no say of amount, type, quality, or price of product

43
Q

Proletarianization

A
  • Labor becomes wage commodity

* labor force of 19th c.

44
Q

Chartist reform movement/ measures

A

1st organized working class with specific labor goals

45
Q

British chartism

A
  • Peoples charter: aimed for gov reform wanted electorate
  • mostly peaceful, except Luddites
  • not successful
46
Q

Purpose behind construction of the crystal palace

A

Great expedition: show products are compatible

47
Q

Relationship between man and wives in early factories

A
  • man: employers

* wives and children: assistance to men

48
Q

English factory act of 1833

A
  • under 9 can’t work
  • limited to 9 hrs of work
  • had to pay 2 hrs of workers education
49
Q

Workers hour after 1847

A

Limited to 10 hrs of work

50
Q

Requirements of new jobs for women in textile factories

A

Less skilled jobs, textile works, in the home

51
Q

Women and employments in France

A

France: Land (agricultural)
Germany: domestic

52
Q

First organize police force

A

1828 in Paris

53
Q

Trends of criminal activities

A

Rise until 1860 with the new police

54
Q

Reason British criminals sent to Australia

A

Transportation: capital punishment for hard criminals

55
Q

The auburn system and Philadelphia system

A
  • Europeans follow the model of United States
  • go for prisoner reform
  • Separated prisoners at all time
  • backfired cuz lead to mental issues
56
Q

Classical economists and economic growth

A
  • ideas of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (laissezz faire)

* wanted free enterprise but gov should have role to enforce contract…

57
Q

Thomas Malthus, essay on the principle of population and his views

A
  • resources will out strip by population
  • lower wages
  • change (limit) family economy
58
Q

David Ricardo, principles of politic economy and his views

A
  • Iron law of wages: low wage to prevent over population

* wages +, + babies, + labor, - money, - baby

59
Q

Jeremy Bentham and utilitarianism

A

• utilitarianism: greatest happiness for greater number of people (labor force)
- tied to classical economic

60
Q

Utopian socialist movement

A

• Saint simonianism
• owenism
• fourierism
•

61
Q

Count Claude Henri de saint Simon

A

• Technocracy: board of directors manage wealth and property

  • ppl experts in all fields
  • social harmony, no redistribution of health
  • advocated extra marrial sexy, led to less followers
62
Q

Anarchists

A
  • reject gov, industrialism, capitalism
  • August blanqui:

blanquism: advocated professional revolutionaries
- increase radical violent mean

Pierre- Joseph Proudhon:
What is property: attacked banking system
Mutualism: big and small business give each other what they need

“Anarchy is order”

63
Q

Karl Marx and the communist manifesto

A

• revolution through class conflicts
(Proletarians emerged as dominant classless society)
• competitive nature of capitalism would consume itself, lead to revolution
• by Friedrich Engels
• not popular till 20th c.
• ideas from Hegel

64
Q

Sources of inspiration for communist manifesto

A
  • Hegel: thesis, antithesis, synthesis
  • utopian socialist: property redistribution
  • classical economists: British
65
Q

Regions of revolution of 1848

A
  • France
  • Austria: Vienna, Hungary, Czech Republic, n. Italy
  • Italy
  • Germany: Prussia, Poland
66
Q

Makeup of revolutionaries of 1848

A
  • political liberals
  • nationalist
  • urban ppl.
67
Q

Results of 1848-49 revolution

A
  • all failed
  • lack of unity
  • conservative gov. too strong
68
Q

Louis Philippe and his confrontation with the public

A
  • corrupted
  • prim minister Francoise Guizol (1848 over throne)
  • disconnected gov
69
Q

Origin of 1848 revolution

A

France

70
Q

Facts about French Revolution of 1848

A
  • Louis over thrones, cause for new gov. (2nd French republic
  • new leader pres. Louis Bonaparte
  • fell cuz lack of unity
71
Q

Feminist movements in revolutionary Europe

A
  • Vesuvian: radical; wanted house hold equality; to serve in French military; equal dress code
  • Voix de femmes: conservative; be considered as valuable women in homes; better education; economic security; property right; right to vote
  • mostly out down
72
Q

Actions of the Hungarians during the Magyar revolt

A
  • Attempt to annex Transylvania, Croatia, Slovak nations

* liberals and nationalist worked against each other

73
Q

Split between German working class and German liberals

A
  • not unify for what they want
  • workers wanted better wages and conditions
  • liberals wanted German unification
74
Q

Facts about Italian revolution of 1848

A
  • Piedmont
  • Rome declared republic in 1849
  • lasted 5 days
  • French invasion stopped this⬆️
  • Giuseppe Mazzini and Garibaldi: wanted the Italian unification
75
Q

Facts about German unification

A
  • king Frederick William IV
  • dissolved Prussian consituant assembly (too radical)
  • William deny leadership, believed right of king
  • grossedeutsch (with Austria) vs. Kleindutsch (w/ Austria)
  • ALL revolution of 1848 failed

Ap Euro (4 decks)

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