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Exam 3 > Unit 6. Articulations: Selected Articulations in Depth > Flashcards

Unit 6. Articulations: Selected Articulations in Depth Flashcards

1
Q

what is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

the articulation formed at the point whee the mandibular condyle of the power jaw articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

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2
Q

What is the only movable joint between skull bones?

A

TMJ

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3
Q

The TMJ’s “articular capsule” surrounds the joint and does what?

A

promotes extensive range of motion.

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4
Q

Consequently because of TMJ’s mobility what results?

A

It is poorly stabilized and can result in dislocation.

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5
Q

What does TMJ contain that adds a thick pad of fibrocartilage separating the bones with a synovial cavity?

A

“articular disc”

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6
Q

As a result TMJ is really ___ synovial joints between the temporal bone and the mandible.

A

TWO

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7
Q

What movements does the TMJ have?

A

hinge joint: depression and elevation

gliding joint: protraction and depression

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8
Q

There are how many different types of articulation between the vertebral column.

A

TWO: symphyses and gliding joints

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9
Q

All of the vertebral bodies and sacrum are separated by pads of fibrocartilage called “intervertebral discs” creating what?

A

SYMPHYSES

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10
Q

The “anulus fibrosus” which is made of what?

A

TOUGH OUTER LAYER

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11
Q

the “nucleus pulpous” which is made of what?

A

INNER GELATINOUS CORE of the disc

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12
Q

Since the nucleus pulpose is composed of water what does it function as? What happens when water is lost?

A
  • shock absorber to intervertebral discs

- greater chance of vertebral injury, and vertebral column shortens as we age.

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13
Q

The second type of intervertebral articulation occurs at the synovial joints between adjacent superior and inferior articular process creating what?

A

GLIDING (PLANAR) JOINTS

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14
Q

While the movement between a single vertebrae is limited, what movements can you get with ALL the intervertebral joints?

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and some rotation.

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15
Q

what ligament helps stabilize the vertebral column? what does it do?

A
  • “ligamentum nuchae”
  • very thick and sturdy and helps stabilize the skull on the cervical vertebrae. (you can palpate this when you bend your neck forward)
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16
Q

The sternoclavicular joint is considered to be what type of joint?

A

saddle

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17
Q

where is the sternoclavicular joint articulation?

A

between the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum.

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18
Q

the articulation disc partitions the sternoclavicular joint in two parts and creates two separate what?

A

synovial jont cavaties

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19
Q

what range of movementa are possible because of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

elevation, depression, cicumduction

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20
Q

while dislocation is possible, what usually happens when someone falls on an outstretched hand?

A

the clavicle fractures before the joint dislocates

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21
Q

the “acromioclavicular joint” is a what type of joint between the acromion of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle?

A

gliding (planar) joint

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22
Q

what lies within the joint cavity between the two bones?

A

articular disc

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23
Q

the fibrous joint capsule is strengthened superiorly by the what ligament?

A

acromioclavicular ligament.

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24
Q

the coracoclavicular ligament is responsible for most of the stability of the joint because it indirectly prevents the clavicle form what?

A

losing contact with the acromion.

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25
Q

how do you name a joint?

A

start at the proximal end and move towards the lateral end.

26
Q

how does a rotator cuff dislocate?

A

inferior and anterior

27
Q

if the coroclavicular ligament is torn what happens?

A

the acomion and clavicle no longer align properly

28
Q

the glenohumeral joint is what type of joint?

A

ball-and-socket joint formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

29
Q

the glenohumeral joint permits the ___ range of motion and is therefore the most____. As a result what happens?

A
  • greatest
  • unstable
  • THE MOST FREQUENTLY DISLOCATED
30
Q

The fibrocartilaginous “glenoid labrum” encircles and covers the surface of the?

A

glenoid cavity

31
Q

the gleaned cavity helps to _______ of the glenoid cavity to help stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenohumeral joint.

A

DEEPEN THE CONCAVITY

32
Q

the shoulder joint is protected from ___ by an arch formed by the coracoid and acorn process of the scapula, and by the clavicle.

A

ABOVE

33
Q

MOST of the glenohumeral font’s strength is due to the _____ muscles surrounding it.

A

“rotator cuff”

34
Q

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff and what do they do?

A
  • infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor.

- work as a group to hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity.

35
Q

because the inferior portion of the glenohumeral joint lacks rotator cuff muscles, this area is weak and the?

A

MOST LIKELY site of injury

36
Q

the glenohumeral joint three major ligament that strengthen the joint only minimally. what are they?

A
  • coracohumeral ligament
  • glenohumeral ligament
  • transverse humeral ligament
37
Q

what is the coracohumeral ligament?

A

thickening of the superior part of the joint capsule and it runs from the coracoid process to the humeral head.

38
Q

what is the glenohumeral ligament?

A

three thickenings of the anterior portion of the articular capsule that may or may not be present and provide only minimal support

39
Q

what is the transverse humeral ligament?

A

narrow sheet that extends between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.

40
Q

what do the bursa associated with the glenohumeral joint help decrease ____ where both ___ and _____ muscles extend across the joint capsule.

A
  • friction
  • tendon
  • large
41
Q

the elbow joint is composed of two articulations. what are they? what type of joints are they?

A
  1. the humeroulnar joint
  2. the humeroradius joint
    - –POORLY CLASSIFIED (gliding joint)
42
Q

what is the humeroulnar joint?

A

where the trochlea notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

43
Q

what is the humeroradial joint?

A

where the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius

44
Q

these joints are enclosed within a single articular capsule and there is also a large _____.

A

olecranon bursa

45
Q

the elbow is extremely stable joint for three reasons:

A
  1. articular capsule is fairly thick and protective of articulations.
  2. bony surface of the humerus and ulna interlock and provide bony support.
  3. multiple strong ligaments help reinforce the articular capsule.
46
Q

the elbow has several supporting ligaments. (3) what are they?

A
  1. radial (laterall) collateral ligament
  2. unlar (medial) collateral ligament
  3. anular ligament
47
Q

what does the radial collateral ligament do?

A

stabilizing the joint at the lateral surface

48
Q

what does the ulnar collateral ligament do?

A

stabilize the joint at the medial side of the joint

49
Q

what does the angular ligament do?

A

surrond the head of the radius to the ulna. helps to hold the head of the radius in place.

50
Q

how can the capsule and ligaments in the elbow sustain injury?

A
  1. center of trochlea notch broken when falling on an outstretched hand.
  2. children who fall on an outdtreched hand fracture epiphyseal growth plate at pistol end of humerus.
  3. elbow dislocated by pulling stress by gymnast
51
Q

the radiocarpal articulation is also called the what?

A

carpus

52
Q

how many proximal carpal bones interface with the distal articular surface of the radius to form the radiocarpal articulation?

A

three

53
Q

thefibrocartilaginous articular discs separates the ulna from the radoiocarpal joint, which is why?

A

THE ULNA IS NOT CONSIDERED PART OF THIS JOINT

54
Q

the radoiocarpal joint is a condyloid articulation that permits:

A
  1. flexion
  2. extension
  3. adduction
  4. abduction
  5. circumduction (but NO rotation)
55
Q

rotational movement occur at the distal and proximal?

A

RADIOULNAR JOINTS

56
Q

Additional movements in the carpus region are made possible by ____? Which are planar joints that permit gliding movements between the individual ____.

A
  • intercarpal articulations

- carpal bones

57
Q

what type of joints are metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

condyloid

58
Q

what the of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

A

hinge

59
Q

there are supporting ligament in the palmar anterior side:

A

lateral and medial side of the joints

60
Q

when a finger is jammed into an unyielding object the joint typically dislocates ______ where there is no ligamentous support.

A

POSTERIORLY.

Exam 3 (3 decks)

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