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Exam 3 > muscles of the abdominal wall > Flashcards

muscles of the abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

what do the four walls of the abdomen reinforce muscles to do?

A

COMPRESS AND HOLD THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS IN PLACE, assist in defecation, and AID IN FORCEFUL EXHALATION.

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2
Q

when the muscles of the abdomen work together what happens?

A

flex and stabilize the vertebral column.

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3
Q

when the abdomen muscles UNILATERALLY contract, what do they do?

A

they lateral flex the vertebral column.

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4
Q

what do the external, internal and lateral obliques form?

A

rectus sheath, which surrounds and protects the rectus abdominis

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5
Q

what is the half moon like curve that is JUST LATERAL to the rectus abdominis called?

A

linea semilunaris

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6
Q

the rectus abdominis is partitioned ______ into four segments by three fibrous “tendinous intersections”.

A

HORIZONTALLY

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7
Q

what does the tendinous intersections traditionally form?

A

six-pack

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8
Q

the rectus abdominis is portioned into left and right halves by a ____ called what?

A
  • VERTICALLY

- linea alba

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9
Q

the aponeurosis extends INFERIORLY to form a strong, cordlike ligament named what?

A

inguinal ligament

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10
Q

where does the inguinal ligament extend from?

A

anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle.

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11
Q

what is the action of the external obliques when both are contracted? when one is contracted?

A
  • compress the abdomen and flex the vertebral column.

- causes lateral flexion of the vertebral column.

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12
Q

the internal obliques which also forms an ____ that contributes to the rectus sheath.

A

-aponeurosis

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13
Q

what is the action o the internal obliques?

A

-compress the abdomen and flex the vertebral column.
-causes lateral flexion of the vertebral column.
(same as external obliques)

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14
Q

what is the deepest layer underneath the internal obliques and what does is do?

A
  • transverse abdominis.

- primarily compress the abdomen

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15
Q

what is the rectus sheath?

A

ling, strap-like muscle that extends vertically the entire length of the anteriomedial wall between the sternum and the pubic symphysis.

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16
Q

what is the origin, insertion and action of the rectus abdominis?

A

1) Origin = superior surface of pubis near symphysis
2) Insertion = xiphoid process of sternum and inferior surfaces of middle ribs
3) Action = flexes vertebral column and compresses the abdominal wall

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17
Q

The floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae, collectively known as the ___

A

“pelvic diaphragm”

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18
Q

the pelvic diaphragm are?

A

pelvic floor and support the pelvic viscera.

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19
Q

what is the diamond shape region between the lower appendages called?

A

perineum

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20
Q

what are the four bony landmarks of the perineum?

A
  1. pubic symphysis anteriorly
  2. coccyx posteriorly
  3. BOTH ischial tuberosity
  4. TRANSVERSE ANTERIOR urogenital triangle, and POSTERIOR anal triangle.
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21
Q

what is the largest and most important muscle of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

levator ani: FUNCTIONS AS A SPHINCTER AT THE ANORECTAL JUNCTION, URETHRA, AND VAGINA.

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22
Q

what is the muscle that people perform their Kegle exercises for?

A

puboccygeal muscle.

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23
Q

where do the muscles of the pictorial girdle originate and insert?

A
  • axial skeleton

- clavicle and scapula

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24
Q

what do the muscles of the pictorial girdle do?

A

stabilize the scapula ad move it into the arms angle of movements.

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25
Q

what are the two ANTERIOR thoracic muscles of the pictorial girdle?

A

pectoralis minor and the serrates anterior

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26
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A
  • flat thin like triangle deep into the pectoralis major

- protract and depress the scapula.

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27
Q

what is the serratus anterior? and what is its action?

A
  • large flat like muscle between the ribs and scapula.

- protracts and depresses the scapula, stabalizes the scapula, and superiorly rotates scapula.

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28
Q

what are the three POSTERIOR muscles of the pectoral girdle?

A

-romboid major, rhomboid minor, and trapezius.

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29
Q

Both the “rhomboid major” and rhomboid minor” are located deep to the trapezius, and thus?

A

are NOT visible on the surfac

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30
Q

dose the serratus anterior and pectoral minor work together or not?

A

-no. therefore they are antagonistic

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31
Q

what is the action of the rhomboid major and minor?

A

retract and elevates scapula, and inferiorly rotates scapula

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32
Q

the trapezius is _____ on the posterior surface of the body.

A

VISIBLE

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33
Q

what is the origin, insertion and action of the trapezius?

A

O: occipital bone.
I: clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula.
A: elevates and retracts the scapula, draws head back.

34
Q

the muscles that MOVE THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT/ARM are classified as??

A

those that ORIGINATE ON THE AXIAL SKELETON, and ORIGINATE ON THE SCAPULA.

35
Q

what is one of the muscles that originates on the AXIAL SKELETON?

A

latissimus dorsi.

  • it is a PRIME ARM EXTENSOR
  • often referred to as the swimmers muscle.
36
Q

what is the origin, insertion, and action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

O: spinous process of T7-T12, lower ribs, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
I:intertubercular groove of humerus
A: arm extension, draws arm downward and backward while rotates medially.

37
Q

what does the pectoralis major cover?

A

superior part of the thorax

38
Q

what is the O, I, & A of the pectoralis major?

A

O: medial clavicle, costal cartilages of upper ribs, body of sternum
I: lateral part of inter tubercular groove of proximal humerus.
A: arm flexion, adducts and medially rotates arm.

39
Q

what is one of the muscles that originates on the scapula?

A

deltoid

40
Q

what does the deltoid do?

A

PRIME ABDUCTOR or the arm, good location for INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS

41
Q

what is the O, I, A of the deltoid?

A

O: arcomial end of clavicle, the acomion, and spine of scapula.
I: deltoid tuberosity,
A: ANTERIOR fibers flex and medially rotate arm, MIDDLE fibers abduct, POSTERIOR fibers sxtend and laterally rotate arm.

42
Q

What muscle does the coracobrachialis work synergistic with when flexing the arm?

A

SYNARGISTIC TO THE PECTORAL MAJOR

43
Q

what is the action of the coracobrachials?

A

adducts the arm

44
Q

what muscle works synergistic with the theres majority extending, adducting, and medially rotating the arm?

A

LATISSIMUS DORSI

45
Q

What is the theres major action?

A

A: arm extension, draws arm downward and backward while rotates medially.

46
Q

what are the fur rotator cuff muscles that provide strength and stability for the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. subscapularis
  2. supraspinatus
  3. infraspinatus
  4. teres minor
47
Q

what is the action of the subscapularis?

A

medial rotate arm

like when you wind up and throw a ball

48
Q

what is the action of the supraspinatus?

A

abducts the arm

when you wind up to execute a pitch

49
Q

what is the action of the infraspinatus?

A

adducts the arm and laterally rotates arm

when you slow down your arm after the pitch

50
Q

what is the action of the teres minor?

A

adducts the arm and laterally rotates arm

when you slow down your arm after the pitch

51
Q

what is your arm and for arm?

A

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ELBOW JOINT/FOREARM

52
Q

The muscles in limbs are organized into “compartments” which are surround by?

A

deep fascia

53
Q

the muscles of the arm divide into what two compartments?

A

Anterior: elbow flexors
Posterior: elbow extensors

54
Q

the biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle on the ______ surface of the humerus.

A

ANTERIOR

55
Q

what is the O, I, and A of the bicep brachii?

A

O: long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scap, short head- coracoid process of scap.
I:radial turberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
A: flexes elbow joint

56
Q

the triceps brachii is a large three-headed muscle located on the _____ of the arm.

A

-POSTERIOR

57
Q

the tricep is a PRIME____ of the elbow joint, and so its action is ______ to that of the bicep brachii.

A
  • EXTENSOR

- ANTAGONISTIC

58
Q

what do the forearm muscles move?

A

fingers, wrist, and hand.

59
Q

there are ____ muscles in the fingers.

A

NO

60
Q

most of the ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT muscles originate on the medial ____ of the humerus.

A

epicondyle

61
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm ___ the wrist.

A

FLEX

62
Q

most of the POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT muscles originate on the lateral _____ of the humerus.

A

epicondyle

63
Q

muscle of the posterior compartment tend to ___ the wrist.

A

EXTEND

64
Q

The deep fascia of the forearm forms thickened, fibrous bands termed ____.

A

retinacula.

65
Q

the retinacula helps hold the tendons close to the bone and prevent the tendons from ______.

A

bowstringing outward.

66
Q

the palmar surface of the carpal bones is covered by the _________.

A

flexor retinaculum.

67
Q

the dorsal surface of the carpal bones is covered by the ____

A

extensor retinaculum.

68
Q

extensor tendons of the wrist and digits pass between the extensor retinaculum and the underlying _________.

A

carpal bones.

69
Q

what are intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

small muscles that both originate and insert on the hand. housed within the palm.

70
Q

the most powerful and largest muscles of the lower body are found where

A

lower limb

71
Q

what does fascia of the thigh do

A

encircle the thing muscles like a supportive stocking and tightly bind them.

72
Q

the ANTERIOR compartment muscles either EXTEND THE ______ OR FLEX THE ____.

A
  • KNEE

- THIGH

73
Q

the muscles in the LATERAL compartment —- the thigh.

A

ABDUCT.

74
Q

The muscles of the POSTERIOR compartment act as both ____ OF THE KNEE AND ______ OF THE THIGH.

A

FLEXORS

EXTENDORS

75
Q

The muscles of the MEDIAL compartment act as ___ of the thigh,

A

ADDUCTORS

76
Q

The muscles of the thigh help ____ the highly movable ________ and support the body when standing or walking.

A

stabilize

acetabulofemoral joint

77
Q

what is the long thin muscles that crosses over the anterior thigh? IT IS THE LONGEST MUSCLE IN THE BODY

A

Sartorius

78
Q

what is the MEDIAL thigh muscle called

A

gracilis

79
Q

what is the action of the gracilis

A

adducts and flexes thigh

80
Q

what muscle is lateral of the thigh?

A

tensor faciae latae

81
Q

what muscleis posterior and largest and heaviest. it is the CHIEF EXTENSOR OF THE THIGH

A

gluteus maximus

Exam 3 (3 decks)

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