unit 6 and 7 test Flashcards
fall of roman empire
476CE
Dark ages
600-800CE
battle of hastings
1066CE
crusades
1100-1300 CE
black death
1347 CE
The Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Age of Exploration
1450-1650 CE
pillar 1=faith
to believe in god
pillar 2=prayer
pray five times a day
pillar 3=almsgiving
donate 2% of annual income to the poor
pillar 4=fasting
fast during rammadan
pillar 5=pilgrimage
go to mecca once in a lifetime
mecca
birthplace of islam
islam
the religion
allah
god
muhammad
founder of Islam and Allah’s prophet (messenger)
muslim
follower of islam
koran
islamic sacred book
crusade
religious war
Christian holy wars against the Muslims
outremer
The Land Beyond the Sea
cause of crusades
Muslim invasions and conquests, driving out the Christians
Fears of the Christian Emperor of Constantinople that Muslims would attack Constantinople
pope urban II call
Stop fighting each other, and instead, regain the Holy Land.
God wills it!
Promise of heaven and forgiveness of sins
1095
infidels
“non-believers” - a derogatory term referring to the Muslims
seljuk turks
Muslim group that took over the Holy Land
reason for crusade #1
Religious – regain the Holy Land; wash away sins; reward of Heaven after death
Seeking adventure
Business and trade opportunities
Forced by feudal lords
Escape harsh times at home
Bored – knights not allowed to fight each other
problems on crusade #1
Costly – weapons, armor, food, supplies
Lack of weapons, armor, food, supplies, and trained soldiers
Language differences while traveling into new areas and between leaders
Inability to organize the bands of crusaders and disagreements between leaders on military tactics and strategies
Marauding bands; cruel and ruthless
climate differences
positive impact of crusades #1
United European people in one common cause
Brought Europeans in dramatic contact with other cultures
Exposed Europeans to new trade goods
Herbs, spices, and new foods such as sugar cane and apricots
Glass, slippers, cotton, and mirrors
Encouraged travel
Spread new ideas in science, medicine, mathematics, art, and literature
Exposed Europeans to new technologies
Shipbuilding
Castle building; architecture
decline of fuedilism
Peasants had greater “bargaining power”
One-third of Europeans died journeying to and fighting in the Crusades
Serfs in Europe were in more demand by feudal lords who needed workers
Some commoners took over abandoned lands to farm
Slow emergence of a new “Middle Class”
black death decline of feudalism #1
Serfs had “bargaining power”
With the deaths of so many serfs, those who survived were in high demand
Serfs who were not content with their lives could make greater demands on their lord or would leave the manor for another manor or for a town
With the deaths of many lords, as well as peasants, poor land in some areas was abandoned; eventually, some of this land was taken over by surviving serfs who hoped to rise in their social status
Not enough workers to produce food for all of Europe
With food shortage, prices rose
famines occured
Poor land was abandoned and villages fell to ruin – the remaining people left for the nearest town or city
decline of crafts
Traders and town workers found that there was no longer a large trading market for their goods.
Some master craftsmen died and, with them, their secrets of production “died”
impact of black death
People who had never before been really free became independent
The European Crusades and the Black Death/the Plague had a dramatic impact on Europe, ushering in the Renaissance in the 1400s and 1500s!
The European Crusades and the Black Death/the Plague had a dramatic impact on Europe, ushering in the Renaissance in the 1400s and 1500s!
