unit 6 - acids and bases

Question 1

acids

Answer 1

Turns blue litmuss paper red
pH less than 7
Neutralises Bases
Form H+ ions in solutions
corrosive
Good conductor of electricity
Tastes sour

Question 2

bases

Answer 2

pH greater than 7
Turns red litmus paper into blue
Feels slippery
Forms OH- ions
Neutralises acids
Tastes sour
Poor conductor

Question 3

Arhenius theory

Answer 3

Acids produces Hydrogen ions (H+) in water
Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in water

Question 4

pneumoniec to remember arhenious theory

Answer 4

BaseOH drinks water

Bases form OH- in water

Question 5

Bronstead Lowry Theory of acids and bases

Answer 5

Acids donate Hydrogen Ions in a reaction
Bases accepts Hydrogen ions in a reaction

Question 6

Pneumonic to remember Bronstead Lowry Acid Base theory

Answer 6

BADHI

Bronstead acid donates Hydrogen Ions

Question 7

coordinate covalent bond

Answer 7

where both electrons come from the same atom, when one atom donates a lone pair of elewctrons to th accepter atoms

Question 8

Lewis theory

Answer 8

Acid is a electron pair accepter - accpets a lone pair of electrons to form coordinate covalnt bond
Bases is electron donor - donates lone pair of electron to a lewis acid to form coordinate covalent bond

Question 9

Pnumenoic to remember Lewis acid base theory theory

Answer 9

Lewis’s acidic stomach loves electrons made by his base

Acid - Electron accepter
Base - Electron doner

Question 10

Dissassociation

Answer 10

chemical process that occurs when acid/base dissaolved in water to break down to form H+ or OH- ions

Question 11

how to classify string acids/bases and weak acids/bases

Answer 11

100% dissacoition/ionisation with Ion = strong
partiall disassociation/ionisation = weak

Question 12

Eg of Strong and weak acids and bases (one each)

Answer 12

Strong Acid = HCl, HNO3, H2SO4
Strong Base = KOH, NaOh

Weak Acid = CH3COOH
Weak Base = NH3

Question 13

Reaction of acid base and neutral with phenolphthalien

Answer 13

Acid - Colourless
Neutral - Faint Pink
Base - Dark pink

Question 14

Reaction of acid base and neutral with bromethyl blue

Answer 14

Acid - Yellow
Neutral - Green
Base - Blue

Question 15

Reaction of acid base and neutral with methyl orange

Answer 15

acid - red
neutral - yellowish orange
base - yellow

Question 16

neutral substances

Answer 16

Neitheir acidic nor basic
pH = 7
Dont show colour change with litmus paper
Can be formed with acid mixes with a base

Question 17

Universal pH indicator

Answer 17

a special solution made by mixing several different pH indicators. When added to an acidic or basic solution, it produces a specific color depending on the pH. By comparing this color to a pH color chart, we can estimate the pH of the solution.

Question 18

How to form salts using reactions

Answer 18

Acid + metal oxide
acid + alkali
Acid + Metal
Acid + Metal carbonate

Question 19

Reaction of acids with metal oxide

Answer 19

Acid + Metal oxide = Salt + H2O

Question 20

reaction of acid with alkali

Answer 20

Acid + Alkali = salt + H20

(more basic alkali, more water produced)

Question 21

Reaction of acid with reactive metal

Answer 21

Acid + Reactive Metal = Salt + H2

Question 22

reaction of acid with metal carbonates

Answer 22

Acid + Metal carbonate = Salt + H2O + CO2

Question 23

titration

Answer 23

Process to create salts of highly reactive alkali metals

Question 24

Use of CaCO3

Answer 24

limestone and marble

Question 25

Use of CaSO4

Answer 25

plaster of paris

Question 26

Use of KNO3

Answer 26

explosives

Question 27

Uses of NaHCO3

Answer 27

washing soda

Question 28

Test for carbon dioxide gas

Answer 28

when bubbled through lime water it becomes milky white and cloudy

Question 29

Test for hydrogen

Answer 29

when, burneed, burns with a pop sound

Question 30

test for Oxygen

Answer 30

take a glowing split and extinguish it, and them immidiately bring in contact with oxyge and the o2 will reignite the glowing splint

Question 31

test for chlorine gas

Answer 31

Take a blue litmus paper and damp it with a little bit of water, and the chlorine gas should turn the damp blue litmus paper into white colour, essentially bleaching it

Question 32

which gases are reposnible for acid rain?

Answer 32

Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides These gases mix with water vapours and rainwater in the atmoshpere

Question 33

Basic oxides

Answer 33

Metal oxides EG - MgO these dissolve in water to from metal hydroxide Act as standard bases in neutralisation reaction

Question 34

Acidic oxides

Answer 34

Non metal oxides Eg - H2 CO3 (carbonic acid) these dissolve in water to form acids

Question 35

Amphoteric oxides

Answer 35

React with acids and bases and possess properties of acidic and basic oxides

Question 36

Oxides defination

Answer 36

Binary compound in whcih one element is always oxygen

Question 37

Reaction of base with acidic oxide with CO2 Ca(OH) example

Answer 37

form salts and water Ca(OH) + CO2 -> CaCO3 + H2O

Question 38

Reaction of acidic oxide and basic oxide?

Answer 38

Salt

Question 39

Double displacement reaction geenral form:

Answer 39

Anions switch places AB + CD = AD + CB

Question 40

pH of salt formed after reaction of Strong Acid + Strong Base wuth example NaO + HCL

Answer 40

7 (neutral) NaOh + HCL = NaCl + H2

Question 41

pH of salt formed after reaction of Strong Acid + Weak Base with example of HCl + NH4OH

Answer 41

Less than 7 (acidic) NH4OH + HCl = NH4Cl + H2O

Question 42

pH of salt formed after reaction of Weak Acid + Strong Base with example H2CO3 + NaOh

Answer 42

Greater than 7 (basic) H2CO3 + NaOH = NaCO3 + H2O