Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

G9 + 10 chemistry > unit 1 - matter > Flashcards

unit 1 - matter Flashcards

1
Q

Diffusion

A

The process of movement of particles from a high concentration area to a low concentration area to form an equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does perfume liquid perform diffusion?

A

The liquid from the perfume spreads into the air, the liquid perfume has a higher concentration of particles than the air around and hence the particles move around until they reach equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 factors affecting the rate of diffusion

A

Temperature - Higher temperature means higher kinetic energy, which makes the particles move faster and collide more frequently

Molecular Mass - Heavier molecules diffuse slower due to lower kinetic energy, while lighter molecules diffuse faster due to their lower molecular mass, Hydrogen gas (H2) has a molecular mass of 2 g/mol and diffuses faster than oxygen gas (O2) with a molecular mass of 32 g/mol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

solute

A

the substance which is being dissolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid that is doing the dissolving (can sometimes be a gas as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

concentration

A

Amount of particles in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mixture

A

Made of 2 or more substances that have been physically combined, can be separated using physical means, eg - soup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

compound

A

two or more elements that have been chemically combined in a fixed ratio, eg - Water (H2O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pure substance

A

composed of a single element/compound and has a fixed and definite composition, eg - Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Impure substance

A

A mixture made of 2 or more impure substances and can be broken down in purer forms using purification techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 types of pure and impure substance

A

Heterogenous and Homogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to check if a substance is pure or not?

A

A pure substance has a constant/fixed melting point and boiling point, while an impure substance has a lower and broader melting point and a higher and broader boiling point due to presence of more than one substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Homogenous mixture

A

Particles are distributed evenly and have a uniform composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heterogenous Mixture

A

Components are mixed and can easily be identified. Has a non-uniform composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Element, mixture or compound - Zinc

A

Element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Element, mixture or compound - Saltwater

A

Mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Element, mixture or compound - Sugar Syrup

A

Mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Element, mixture or compound - Marble Chips

A

Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Element, mixture or compound - Aluminium

A

Element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

States of Matter

A

Solid, Liquid and Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Properties of Solid

A

Particles are closely packed together and vibrate off each other, with definite shapes, High density and incompressible. Intermolecular space is less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Properties of liquid

A

Particles move freely, and medium kinetic energy, definite volume but no shape (takes the shape of a container), not compressible. Intermolecular space is more than solid but less than gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Properties of gas

A

Particles roam around freely at high speeds, with no fixed volume and no fixed shape, compressible, low-density. Very high intermolecular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Kinetic Theory of Matter

A

States that all matter is made of tiny particles (atoms) that are always moving

25
What are Heating and Cooling Curve
A simple line graph that shows the phase change a given substance undergoes with increase/decrease in temp
26
What are solutions
Homogenous mixtures which contain small solute particles in a solvent, eg - sugar in water
27
What are Suspensions
Heterogenous mixtures in which small particles of a solid remain suspended from a liquid/gas, eg - muddy water
28
What are colloids
Heteregrnous mixture made of 2 phases. The dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. They are mixtures where tiny particles are spread out but don't settle, eg - milk powder and water mixture
29
Rank colloids, suspensions and solutions based on particle size (biggest to smallest)
1. Suspensions 2. Colloids 3. Solutions
30
What are emulsions
Liquid + Liquid mixtures which are immiscible (not forming a homogeneous mixture when mixed) or are partly miscible, eg - Mayo, paint, egg yolks
31
What are the 6 main methods of separation of mixtures?
1. Filtration 2. Evaporation 3. Simple Distillation 4. Fractional Distillation 5. crystallization 6. chromatography
32
What is Chromatography
a technique for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution in which the components move at different rates.
33
What is Paper Chromatography
The experiment uses to ink to see how it distributes on chromatographic paper
34
Does the solute travel more or the solvent, in chromatography
solute
35
Explain the stationary phase in chromatography
The stationary phase is that substance which does not move. Usually a solid but in paper chromatography, it can be a liquid as well
36
Explain the mobile phase in chromatography
the substance where the molecules can move and transport the solution through another substance
37
What is Rf value?
Ratio of how far a substance travels relative to a solvent
38
How to calculate Rf value
distance travelled by solute/ Distance travelled by solvent
39
List some everyday uses of Chromatography
Forensic science Creating Vaccines, Food and Beverage Testing Drug testing
40
What is Filtration
Used to separate solid from liquid. It is done with filter paper or a funnel Eg - Getting chalk residue from chalk and water mixture
41
What is evaporation
Used to separate a solid from a solution it has been dissolved in. The solution is heated so that the liquid is evaporated and only the solid remains
42
What is Crystallization
separates solid from a solution by turning the mixture into crystals, then the crystals are left to dry. The remaining parts are the residue of the solid
43
What is simple distillation and what are its steps
Used to get the solvent from a solution Steps: 1. Impure substance is heated 2. It boils and steam rises and condenses in condenser 3. Impurities are left behind 4. Steam condenses into the pure liquid and drops into the beaker
44
What is Fractional Distillation and what is its steps
Used to separate liquid from each other Steps: 1. Impure substance is heated and it rises up the fractionating column 2. The substance gets converted into vapors and the various components in the impure substance evaporate at different temperatures 3. These vapors rise and condense in the fractionating column 4. Higher boiling point liquid remain at the bottom of the container and lower boiling point molecules go further up.
45
Real-world uses of fractional distillation
purification of water separating ethanol and water. Separating crude oil into petroleum, diesel, etc.
46
Intermolecular force of attraction defination
The force of attraction between atoms/molecules to combine to form matter
47
what is going from gas to solid called
deposition
48
what is going from solid to gas called
sublimation
49
what is going from liquid to solid called
solidification
50
what is goind from solid to liqud called
Melting
51
what is going from liquid to gas called
vaporisation
52
what is going from gas to liqudi called
condensation
53
change in states of matter in terms of kinetic theory
Changes in states of matter occur when when the amount of kinetic energy of particles of a substance change
54
Do we measure from uppwer or lower miniscus?
Generally from lower miniscus
55
Which 2 metals exist as liquids at room temp and why?
Mercury and Gallium, because they have very low MP
56
Isotopes
Elements with the same number of protons but with different number of neutrons. They have similar chemical characteristics but may have varying physical properties such as melting point, density
57
2 types of isotopes with examples
Radioactive isotopes = Isotopes which are unstable and decay over time, emittting radiation Eg: Carbon 14, Cobalt 60, Uranium 235 Non Radioactive isotopes = Stable isotopes which dont decay over time Eg: Oxygen 6, Carbon 12
58
Uses of radioactive and non radioactive isotopes with example
Radioactive: Carbon 14 - used for carbon dating U 235 - nuclear power plants and atomic bombc Non radioactive: Oxygen 18 - used in medical imaging and studies Hydrogen 2 - dueterium helps lower energy of product neutrons after fission to reuse them
59
Interconversion of states of matter in terms of knetic theory
Matter changes when the amount of kinetic energy of particles changes. Either particles gain energy (increase in temp) or lose energy (decrease in temp). How fast they gain or lose energy is dependent on the states of matter being converted to and from.

G9 + 10 chemistry (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions