Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Basic Nursing Skills > UNIT 6 > Flashcards

UNIT 6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Body Fluid

A

A mixture of water, chemicals called elctrolytes and nonelectrolytes, and blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fluid Compartments

A

Where body fluid is located.

usually two general components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A
  • Fluid inside the cell

- Represents the greater portation of water in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extracelluar Fluid

A
  • Remaining body fluid

- Fluid outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

Fluid in the tissue space between or around cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intravascular Fluid

A

The watery plasma,or serum, portion of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electrolyetes

A
  • Chemical compounds such as sodium and chloride

- Essential for maintaining cellualar, tissue, and organ functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ions

A

Substances that carry either a positive or a negative electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cations

A

Electrolyetes with a positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anions

A

electrolytes with a negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nonelectrolyetes

A

Chemical compounds that remain bound together when dissoloved in a solution and do not possess an eletrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Average Blood for adults

A

3L Plasma
2 L of blood cells
5L average circulating volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sodium Na

normal serum level

A

cation

135-148

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Potassium K

normal serum level

A

cation

3.5-5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chloride Cl

normal serum levels

A

Anion

90-110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 3 fluid components?

A
  • intracellular
  • extra cellular
  • intrasituial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Examples of Nonelectrolyetes

A

Carbs
Protein
Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are nonelectrolytes distruibuied in our body?

A 
Osmosis
Filtration
Passive Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active Transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can we not get rid of fluid?

A

Heart Failure
Edema
Kidney Failure
Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is everything measured in?

A

mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Low volume of extracellular fluid

which results in dehydration and weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MILD Dehyrdration

A

3%-5% loss of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MODERATE Dehydration

A

6%-10% loss of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

SEVERE Dehydration

A

9%-15% loss of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Higher than normal volume of intavascular fluid compartment

  • Edema Develops
  • also can cause circulatory overload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Foods HIGH in sodium

A 
Peanut Butter
Processed meat
Processed foods
Dairy
Pickles
Snacks 
... you know sodium , like sodium(:
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Circulatory Overload

A

Severly compromised heart function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

3rd Spacing

A

Movement if intravascular fluid to non vascular fluid compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hypoalbuminemia

A

Low albuminin the blood

-might indicate liver diease or kidney diease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Isotonic Solution

A
  • Stays in vein
  • 0.9% normal saline
  • 5% Dextrose water
  • Ringers solution or lactated ringers
  • Maintain fluid balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A
  • Out of the vessels
  • NaCl 0.45% also called half strength saline
  • 5% saline in 0.45% saline
  • People who need more fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hypertonic Solutions

A 
*Enters The vessles
3% saline
10% d10W
20% dextrose in water
*Critical care unit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Crystalloid Soultions

A

Isotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What do we include in patients intake?

A
  • All the liquids a client drink
  • foods that are liquid by the time they are swallowed
  • IV solutions
  • Fluid amdinstered through feeding tubes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What do we include in patients output

A
  • Urine
  • Emesis
  • Blood loss
  • Diarrhea
  • wound/tube drainage
  • aspirated irrigation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Fluid balance restored by?

A
  • Ristricting or limiting oral fluids
  • Reducing salt consumption
  • Discounting/ Reducing IV fluid infusion
  • Adminstering drugs to promote fluid elimination
  • Combing all these interventions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

when giving a dieretic you need to watch what?

A

The Electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why are intravenous fluids infused into a vein?

A
  • Maintain/restore fluid balance
  • Maintain/replace Electrolytes
  • Adminster viatmins
  • Provide source of calories
  • Admin rugs
  • blood and blood products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Collioid Steroids

A
  • Blood
  • Components of Blood
  • Plasma,WBC,Albumen, Platelets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Needle stick contributions?

A

Student
Imporoper disposal
Recapping needle NEVER DO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Why is a filter used for IV?

A

Reduce air bubbles
pedatric patients
adminster blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

needle size for TRAUMA

A

18+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

needle size for ELDERLY

A

20 or smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

needle size for PEDATRIC

A

24-22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

needle for non emergant blood transfussion

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How long can you hang blood before it is bad?

A

4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How often do you change tubing?

A

Every 24 hours, or as order or policy says

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the only solution compatable with blood?

A

Normal Saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Complications with IV therapy

A
  • Infection
  • Cicurlatory Overload
  • Infiltration
  • Phlebitis
  • Thrombus Formation
  • Pulmonary embolus
  • Air embolism (greater than 5mL of air can be fatal)
50
Q

How do we care for IV sites?

A

Document the appearance with every assessment

Dressing changes every 72 hours

51
Q

How do we adminster blood?

A

Through IV

52
Q

What kind of IV do we need to adminster blood?

A

16-20 gauge IV catheter is needed

53
Q

Why is blood tested?

A

STD
Herpies
HIV
Pysfalis (lol idk how to spell it but whatever alex got on greys anatomy from the nyrse)

54
Q

Type of reactions to blood?

A 
Incompatibility
Febrite
Septic
Allergic
Moderate Chilling
Overload
Hypocalcemia
55
Q

Peripheral Parenternal Nutrition

A

Isotonic/Hypertonic can be given in vein

56
Q

Total parental Nutriition

A

TPN
Jugular Vein (Central Line)
Picc Line
-a hypertonic solution of nutrients designed to meet -almost all caloric and nutritional needs

57
Q

Why do you get TPN

A 
Liver renal fail
Trauma
Diease
Cancer
10% or more loss of body weight 
have not eaten in 5+ days
self imposed stravation (anorexia)
58
Q

Lipid Emulsions

A

A mix of two liquids

provide calories

59
Q

Administering TPN

A
  • Weigh the patient
  • Use tubing that contains a filter
  • Change tpn tubing daily
  • Clamp central tubing and have patient bear down when disconnecting tubing from its catheter conections
60
Q

Signs of Fluid deficit

A 
weight loss
low bp
elevated
rapid,weak pulse
rapid, shallow respirations
scant dark yellow urine
dry stool
warm flushed skin
skin turgor
no energy 
sleepy
basically being dehydrated!
61
Q

Signs of Fluid Excess

A 
Weight gain
high bp
moist respirations
Light yellow urine
pitting edema
moist skin
crackle lungs
62
Q

what can cause fluid deicit?

A 
starving 
vomitting
gastric suctionong
diarrhea
Laxative abuse
potent diaretics
heat and hummity
draining wounds
fever and sweating
63
Q

what can cause Fluid excess

A 
Kidney failure
heart failure
rapid admin of IV fluid/bld
admin of albumin
corticosteriod drug therapy 
exsessive intake of sodium
pregnancy
premenstral fluid retention
64
Q

Urinary Elimination

A

process of releasing excess fluid and metabolic wastes.

65
Q

Factors affecting urinary elimination

A
  1. the degree of the neuromuscular development and the integrity of the soinal cord.
  2. the volume of fluid intake and the amount of fluid losses, including those from other sources
  3. the amount and type of food consumed
  4. the persons circadian rythym, habiits, oppurtunities for urination, and anxiety.
66
Q

How would you promote urination?

A

provide privacy
assuming a natural postion for urination
maintaing adequate fluid intake
using stimuli (running water)

67
Q

What does normal urine look like?

A 
Volume= 500-3000mL
color= light yellow
clarity= transparent
no odor ( faintly aromatic)
68
Q

Voided speciman

A

sample of fresh urine collected in a clean container

69
Q

Clean-Catch Speciman

A

Sample of urine concidered sterile

sometimes called a midstream speciman

70
Q

How to gather a clean catch speciman

A

it is collected after the initial steam starts

71
Q

How do we collect 24hr urine?

A
  • instruct client to urinate just before starting the test and then discard that urine.
  • All urine voided there after becomes part of the collected specimen. Exactly 24hr, nurse will ask patient to void one last time to complete the test collection.
72
Q

Hematuria

A

urine containing blood

73
Q

Pysuria

A

urine with pus

74
Q

Proteinuria

A

Urine containing plasma protein

75
Q

Albuminuria

A

urine containing albumin

76
Q

Glycosuria

A

urine containing glucose

77
Q

Ketonuria

A

urine containing ketones

78
Q

abnormal patterns of urinary elimination

A 
Anuria
Oliguria
Polyuria
Nocturia
Dysuria
Incintinence
79
Q

Anuria

A

absense of Urine or a volume of 100mL or less than 24hrs

80
Q

Urinary Retention

A

the pts produces urine but does not release it from the bladder

81
Q

Oliguria

A
  • urine output less than 400 mL in 24 hours

- determines inadequate eliminiation of urine (partially emptying bladde

82
Q

Residual Urine

A

More than 50 ml of urine that remains in the bladder after voiding

  • can support the growth of microorganisms
  • can cause stones
83
Q

Stasis

A

lack of movement

84
Q

Polyuria

A

greater than normal urine elimination

85
Q

Nocturia

A

night time urination

86
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or uncomfortable voiding

symptom of trauma

87
Q

frequency

A

peeing often

88
Q

urgency

A

feeling of needing to pee

89
Q

Intocontinance

A

inablity to control urinary or bowel elimination

90
Q

Diffrenent types of incontinence

A 
Stress
Urge
Reflex-spontanous loss
Functionial-control over loss
Total-loss without any warning
Overflow- urine leakage cause badder is not emptied
91
Q

Stress incontinance

A

Loss of small amounts of urine when intradbominal pressure rises

92
Q

Urge incontinance

A

need to void felt frequently short lived ability to sustain control of the flow

93
Q

Continence traing

A

Restore the control of urination involves teaching the client to refrain from urinating until an apporpuate time or place

94
Q

who is canidates for continence training?

A

clients with lower body paralyisis

95
Q

Why would a atient need a foley catheter?

A
  • Keeping incontinets clients dry
  • relieving bladder distention
  • assesing fluid balance accuracy
  • keeping bladder from becoming distended during surgerys
  • measuring the risdual of urine
  • obtaining steril urine speciman
  • instilling medication with in the bladder
96
Q

What kind of procedure is a catheter?

A

Sterile

97
Q

How do we prevent CAUTIs?

A
  • keep drainage bag below bladder level
  • empty bag regulary
  • keep tube from kinking
  • maintain closed drain system
  • perform perinal hygenie care daily
  • remove urinary catheters in a timely fashion
  • provide rigouris catheter care
98
Q

What is the purpose of continuous bladder irrigation (Murphy drip)?

A

keep a catheter patenet after prostate or urologic surgery in which blood clots and tissue debris collect within the bladder cath.
It works by gravity
hung on an IV pole
Sterile solution

99
Q

What is the average amount of urine elimination for the average person?

A

1500-3000mL

100
Q

When does the need to urinate become apparent?

A

When the bladder distends with approximately 150-300mL of urine.

101
Q

What does 3rd spacing mimic?

A

pregnancy

102
Q

what is shock?

A

High HR Low BP

103
Q

Hypertonic in the body cause?

A

Causes cell and tissue to shrink

104
Q

what are fluid compartments?

A

Electrolytes
Non electrolyetes
blood

105
Q

How many checks when you are adminstering blood?

A

3 checks

106
Q

What defense mechanism tells you to drink?

A

Thirst

107
Q

what is the main way to see if patient is retaing fluid?

A

by checking the weight

108
Q

Edema ranking

A

+1
+2
ptting edema

109
Q

How can we increase oral intake?

A

Offer bevarages
Ice chips ice cream
jello

110
Q

what meds can make you incontinent?

A

high blood pressure meds
antidepressent
diuretics
sleeping pills

111
Q

Providing continence training steps

A
  • log of patients urinary patterns
  • set realtisic short term goals
  • Discourage strict limination of liquid intake
  • plan a schedule
  • communicate the plan
  • assist client if needed
112
Q

externial catheter

A

condom cath

113
Q

retention catheter

A

foley cath

indwelling cath

114
Q

why would someone need continous irrigation?

A

prostate or urniary surgery

helps reduce risk of infenction

115
Q

How do we provide cath care

A

clean to dirty

warm soapy water

116
Q

Urinary diverson

A

Urostomy

117
Q

How long can you clamp and get sterile procedure from folley?

A

30 mins

118
Q

Phosphate

A

1.7-2.6

119
Q

calcium

A

4.5-5.5

120
Q

magnesium

A

1.3-2.1

Basic Nursing Skills (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions