Asepsis & Hygiene Flashcards
Hygiene
Practices that help in promoting health through personal cleanliness
3 layers of skin
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous layer
Functions of skin
- protect inner body
- regulate temp
- sensory info
- assist in converting precursors to Vitamin D
Mucous membranes
- line body passages
- line conjunctiva of eye
What do goblet cells secret?
mucus
What is hair made up of ?
Keratin
Function of hair?
helps prevent heat loss
What are nails made up of?
keratin
Function of Nails?
provide protection to digits
Teeth
- enamel is keratin
- exposed portion is the crown
- portion below the gum is the root
- adults have 28 to 32 teeth
What is bathing?
hygiene practice in which a person uses soap and water
Advantages to bathing?
- eliminate odors
- reduce potential for infection
- stimulate circulation
- self-image
Sitz Bath
immersion of buttocks and perineum in small basin of circulating water
Sponge bath
applications of tepid water to the skin with a sponge
Medicated bath
soaking and immersing in a mix of water and another substance
Whirpool bath
warm water that is continuously agitated within a tub or tank
Bed bath
washing with a basin of water at bedside
Bag bath
kit with 8 to 10 wipes
Towel bath
single large towel to cover and wash patient
Perineal care
- techniques used to cleanse perineum
- especially important after a vaginal delivery or gynecologic or rectal surgery
What position do you put a female in for perineal care?
Dorsal recumbent
Steps for shaving
- prepare a basin of water, soap, face cloth, and towel
-wash the skin with warm water
-lather skin w/soap or shaving cream
-start at the upper areas of the face
-pull the skin taught
-pull razor in direction of hair growth
-rinse after each stroke
apply aftershave
Oral hygiene
practices used to clean the mouth
tooth brushing
soft bristled toothbrush to toothpaste 2x a day
Flossing
removes plaque and food debris that tooth brushes miss
Oral care for unconscious patients
- needed more frequently
- have suction available
- tilt head foward
- use little amounts of water
sordes
dried crusts containing mucus,microorganisms and epithelial cells
denture care
clean with toothbrush, denture cleanser and cold or tepid water
Hair care and shampooing
- brush hair slowly and carefully
- brush hair to increase circulation and distribution of sebum
- obtain familys permission before cutting the hair
- hair should be washed as often as necessary
Steps to nail care
- soak hands and feet in warm water
- clean under nails with wooden stick
- push cuticles back
- use a handheld electric rotary file
- avoid sharp or jagged points
Safety concerns with nail care
- sharp or jagged points
- skin and nail impairment
Eyeglass care
- hold glasses by nose or ear braces
- run tepid water over lenses
- wash with soap
- rinse and dry clean with soft cloth
Types of contact lenses
hard, soft, or gas permeable
Artificial eye care
- occasional cleaning
- irrigate socket with warm water or saline before reinserting
Types of hearing aids
- in the ear
- canal aids
- behind the ear
Microorganism
living animals or plants visible only through a microscope
Nonpathogen
harmless, beneficial
Pathogen
causes illness
Communicable disease/ contagious disease/ community-acquired infection
disease that can be transmitted to other people
Virulence
ability to overcome the immune system, how strong it is
Bacteria
- single-celled microorganisms
- appear in various shapes
Viruses
smallest microorganism
Fungi
yeasts and molds
Rickettsia
fleas, ticks, lice, mites
Protozoans
single-celled animals classified according to their ability to move
Mycoplasms
no cell wall, assume various shapes
Helminthes
infectious worms
Prions
a protein containing no nucleic acid
Antibiotic drug resistance
germs develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them
What do microorganisms need to survive?
warmth, darkness, oxygen, water, nourishment
spore
temporarily inactive microbial life form that can resist heat and destructive chemicals and can survive without moisture
Biologic defense mechanisms
chemical, mechanical
Mechanical defense mechanism
physical barriers that prevent microorganisms from entering the body
Chemical defense mechanism
destroy microorganisms through natural biologic substances
Chaim of infection (IREMPS)
- Infectious agent
- reservoirs
- portal of exit
- means of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
Opportunistic infections
infectious disorders among people with compromised health
Methods of transmission
- direct contact
- indirect contact
- droplet
- airborne
- vehicle
- vector
Direct contact
actual physical transfer from one infected person to another
indirect contact
contact between a susceptible person and a contaminated object
Droplet
transfer of moist particles from an infected person who is within a radius of 3 ft
Airborne
movement of microorganisms attached to evaporated water droplets or dust particles
Vehicle
transfer of microorganisms present or in contaminated items (food, water, medications, devices, equipment)
Vector
transfer of microorganisms from an infected animal carrier
Common infections in elderly?
pneumonia, influenza, uti, skin infections, TB
Infection that results 2x more often in elderly who live communally
TB
Asepsis
practices that decrease or eliminate infectious agents
Aseptic practices
- using antimicrobial agents
- hand hygiene
- protective garments
- containing soiled materials appropriately
- keep environment as clean as possible
Nonsocomial infection
hospital acquired infection
Example of a nonsocomial infection
MRSA
Antiseptics
inhibit the growth but do not kill microorganisms
Disinfectants
destroy active microorganisms but not spores
Antibacterials
alter the metabolic processes of bacteria but not viruses
Antivirals
control viral replication
What is needed to clean your hands?
soap,water,friction
How long should you wash your hands?
minimum of 20 seconds
Hand antisepsis
removal and destruction of transient microorganisms with soap and water
Uniforms
wear only when working with patients
Scrub suits and gowns
worn instead of a uniform, mandatory in some areas of the hospital
Masks
help prevent droplet and airborne transmission of microorganisms
Respirators
filter very small particles that may contain viruses by 95%
Gloves
barrier to prevent direct contact
Hair and shoe covers
reduce the transmission of pathogens present on hair and shoes
Protective eye wear
essential when there is a possibility that bodily fluids will splash into the eyes
Utility rooms
- 2 utility rooms, 1 clean and 1 dirty
- place garments in appropriate rooms
Waste receptacles
waste baskets, suction and drain containers
concurrent disinfection
measures that keep the pt environment clean on a daily basis
terminal disinfection
measures used to clean a pt environment after discharge
