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Basic Nursing Skills > Asepsis & Hygiene > Flashcards

Asepsis & Hygiene Flashcards

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1
Q

Hygiene

A

Practices that help in promoting health through personal cleanliness

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2
Q

3 layers of skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous layer
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3
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • protect inner body
  • regulate temp
  • sensory info
  • assist in converting precursors to Vitamin D
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4
Q

Mucous membranes

A
  • line body passages

- line conjunctiva of eye

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5
Q

What do goblet cells secret?

A

mucus

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6
Q

What is hair made up of ?

A

Keratin

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7
Q

Function of hair?

A

helps prevent heat loss

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8
Q

What are nails made up of?

A

keratin

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9
Q

Function of Nails?

A

provide protection to digits

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10
Q

Teeth

A
  • enamel is keratin
  • exposed portion is the crown
  • portion below the gum is the root
  • adults have 28 to 32 teeth
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11
Q

What is bathing?

A

hygiene practice in which a person uses soap and water

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12
Q

Advantages to bathing?

A
  • eliminate odors
  • reduce potential for infection
  • stimulate circulation
  • self-image
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13
Q

Sitz Bath

A

immersion of buttocks and perineum in small basin of circulating water

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14
Q

Sponge bath

A

applications of tepid water to the skin with a sponge

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15
Q

Medicated bath

A

soaking and immersing in a mix of water and another substance

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16
Q

Whirpool bath

A

warm water that is continuously agitated within a tub or tank

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17
Q

Bed bath

A

washing with a basin of water at bedside

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18
Q

Bag bath

A

kit with 8 to 10 wipes

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19
Q

Towel bath

A

single large towel to cover and wash patient

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20
Q

Perineal care

A
  • techniques used to cleanse perineum

- especially important after a vaginal delivery or gynecologic or rectal surgery

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21
Q

What position do you put a female in for perineal care?

A

Dorsal recumbent

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22
Q

Steps for shaving

A
  • prepare a basin of water, soap, face cloth, and towel
    -wash the skin with warm water
    -lather skin w/soap or shaving cream
    -start at the upper areas of the face
    -pull the skin taught
    -pull razor in direction of hair growth
    -rinse after each stroke
    apply aftershave
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23
Q

Oral hygiene

A

practices used to clean the mouth

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24
Q

tooth brushing

A

soft bristled toothbrush to toothpaste 2x a day

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25
Q

Flossing

A

removes plaque and food debris that tooth brushes miss

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26
Q

Oral care for unconscious patients

A
  • needed more frequently
  • have suction available
  • tilt head foward
  • use little amounts of water
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27
Q

sordes

A

dried crusts containing mucus,microorganisms and epithelial cells

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28
Q

denture care

A

clean with toothbrush, denture cleanser and cold or tepid water

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29
Q

Hair care and shampooing

A
  • brush hair slowly and carefully
  • brush hair to increase circulation and distribution of sebum
  • obtain familys permission before cutting the hair
  • hair should be washed as often as necessary
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30
Q

Steps to nail care

A
  • soak hands and feet in warm water
  • clean under nails with wooden stick
  • push cuticles back
  • use a handheld electric rotary file
  • avoid sharp or jagged points
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31
Q

Safety concerns with nail care

A
  • sharp or jagged points

- skin and nail impairment

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32
Q

Eyeglass care

A
  • hold glasses by nose or ear braces
  • run tepid water over lenses
  • wash with soap
  • rinse and dry clean with soft cloth
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33
Q

Types of contact lenses

A

hard, soft, or gas permeable

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34
Q

Artificial eye care

A
  • occasional cleaning

- irrigate socket with warm water or saline before reinserting

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35
Q

Types of hearing aids

A
  • in the ear
  • canal aids
  • behind the ear
36
Q

Microorganism

A

living animals or plants visible only through a microscope

37
Q

Nonpathogen

A

harmless, beneficial

38
Q

Pathogen

A

causes illness

39
Q

Communicable disease/ contagious disease/ community-acquired infection

A

disease that can be transmitted to other people

40
Q

Virulence

A

ability to overcome the immune system, how strong it is

41
Q

Bacteria

A
  • single-celled microorganisms

- appear in various shapes

42
Q

Viruses

A

smallest microorganism

43
Q

Fungi

A

yeasts and molds

44
Q

Rickettsia

A

fleas, ticks, lice, mites

45
Q

Protozoans

A

single-celled animals classified according to their ability to move

46
Q

Mycoplasms

A

no cell wall, assume various shapes

47
Q

Helminthes

A

infectious worms

48
Q

Prions

A

a protein containing no nucleic acid

49
Q

Antibiotic drug resistance

A

germs develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them

50
Q

What do microorganisms need to survive?

A

warmth, darkness, oxygen, water, nourishment

51
Q

spore

A

temporarily inactive microbial life form that can resist heat and destructive chemicals and can survive without moisture

52
Q

Biologic defense mechanisms

A

chemical, mechanical

53
Q

Mechanical defense mechanism

A

physical barriers that prevent microorganisms from entering the body

54
Q

Chemical defense mechanism

A

destroy microorganisms through natural biologic substances

55
Q

Chaim of infection (IREMPS)

A
  • Infectious agent
  • reservoirs
  • portal of exit
  • means of transmission
  • portal of entry
  • susceptible host
56
Q

Opportunistic infections

A

infectious disorders among people with compromised health

57
Q

Methods of transmission

A
  • direct contact
  • indirect contact
  • droplet
  • airborne
  • vehicle
  • vector
58
Q

Direct contact

A

actual physical transfer from one infected person to another

59
Q

indirect contact

A

contact between a susceptible person and a contaminated object

60
Q

Droplet

A

transfer of moist particles from an infected person who is within a radius of 3 ft

61
Q

Airborne

A

movement of microorganisms attached to evaporated water droplets or dust particles

62
Q

Vehicle

A

transfer of microorganisms present or in contaminated items (food, water, medications, devices, equipment)

63
Q

Vector

A

transfer of microorganisms from an infected animal carrier

64
Q

Common infections in elderly?

A

pneumonia, influenza, uti, skin infections, TB

65
Q

Infection that results 2x more often in elderly who live communally

A

TB

66
Q

Asepsis

A

practices that decrease or eliminate infectious agents

67
Q

Aseptic practices

A
  • using antimicrobial agents
  • hand hygiene
  • protective garments
  • containing soiled materials appropriately
  • keep environment as clean as possible
68
Q

Nonsocomial infection

A

hospital acquired infection

69
Q

Example of a nonsocomial infection

A

MRSA

70
Q

Antiseptics

A

inhibit the growth but do not kill microorganisms

71
Q

Disinfectants

A

destroy active microorganisms but not spores

72
Q

Antibacterials

A

alter the metabolic processes of bacteria but not viruses

73
Q

Antivirals

A

control viral replication

74
Q

What is needed to clean your hands?

A

soap,water,friction

75
Q

How long should you wash your hands?

A

minimum of 20 seconds

76
Q

Hand antisepsis

A

removal and destruction of transient microorganisms with soap and water

77
Q

Uniforms

A

wear only when working with patients

78
Q

Scrub suits and gowns

A

worn instead of a uniform, mandatory in some areas of the hospital

79
Q

Masks

A

help prevent droplet and airborne transmission of microorganisms

80
Q

Respirators

A

filter very small particles that may contain viruses by 95%

81
Q

Gloves

A

barrier to prevent direct contact

82
Q

Hair and shoe covers

A

reduce the transmission of pathogens present on hair and shoes

83
Q

Protective eye wear

A

essential when there is a possibility that bodily fluids will splash into the eyes

84
Q

Utility rooms

A
  • 2 utility rooms, 1 clean and 1 dirty

- place garments in appropriate rooms

85
Q

Waste receptacles

A

waste baskets, suction and drain containers

86
Q

concurrent disinfection

A

measures that keep the pt environment clean on a daily basis

87
Q

terminal disinfection

A

measures used to clean a pt environment after discharge

Basic Nursing Skills (6 decks)

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