unit 6 Flashcards
what is therapeutic exercise
systemic and planned performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities intended to provide a client with the means to: remediate or prevent impairment, improve restore or enhance physical function, prevent or reduce health related risk factors, optimize overall health status, fitness or sense of well being
what are the goals of therapeutic exercise
- encourages client to be an active participant rather than passive recipient of exercise.
- develop, improve, restore, maintain and retain physical function
components of physical function:
stability, cardio-vascular fitness, mobility and flexibility, muscle performance, neuromuscular control and coordination, balance and postural control
what is cardiovascular fitness
ability to perform low intensity, repetitive, total body movements over an extended period of time. examles: walking jogging, cycling, swimming
what is flexibility/ mobility
ability to move freely without restrictions
what is muscle performance
capacity of a muscle to produce tension to do physical work. includes strength and endurance
what is neuromuscular control
interaction of the sensory and motor systems in order to respond to information and correctly perform coordinated, sequenced movements. ex: walking uneven terrain
what is coordination
the working together of certain muscles to perform a sequenced, patterned movement
what is proprioception
the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body. “knowing where our body is in space”
what is balance
ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain or move the COG within the BOS without falling.
dynamic vs. static balance
dynamic- moving body’s COG withing BOS ex. skating, skiing
static- maintain body’s COG within BOS
what is postural control
the ability for the body to control its posture both statically and dynamically (maintaining posture and balance)
what is stability
the ability to hold a part stable or to maintain a stable base during superimposed movements. example: riding a bike, weight lifting
definition of ROM
the full possible motion available in a body segment. can be used as an assessment tool and as a therapeutic exercise
use ROM as a therapeutic exercise to
maintain or improve joint and muscle mobility and prevent contractures, improve strength, improve circulation.
the amount of ROM present is influenced by what body
muscle, joint surface, capsule, ligaments/ tendon, connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves
definition of PROM
movement within the unrestricted ROM for a segment that is produced entirely by an outside force
limitations for PROM
will not prevent muscle atrophy, will not increase strength or endurance, will not assist with circulation to the extent that active contraction does
what is a continuous PROM machine
mechanical device which provides a limb with ongoing PROM on a joint.
what is AROM
movement for a segment that is produced by an active contraction of the muscles crossing that joint
what is AAROM
some assistance is provided by an outside force, either manually or mechanically
what is self AAROM
client assists in the ROM of one segment by using another part of their body
what is mechanical AAROM
use of some device to augment joint range on motion.
indications to use AROM and AAROM
when client is able to actively contract muscles and move a segment with or without assistance, when a client has weak muscles, for aerobic conditioning (AROM), for joints above and below an immobilized region
goals for AROM and AAROM
decrease the complications that would occur with immobilization, maintain muscle flexibility, provide sensory feedback from contracting muscles, stimulate bone and joint tissues, increase circulation decreasing chance pf thrombus formation
limitations for AROM and AAROM
will not maintain or increase strength for stronger muscles of the body as resistance is required, ROM movements are not typically very functional
ROM should not be done when:
motion is disruptive to the healing process, condition is life threatening such as thrombus formation.
frequency for AROM and AAROM
aim for 8-20 reps and 2-3 sets
what is active insufficiency
the diminished ability of a two joint muscle to produce or maintain tension. muscle reaches maximum shortening prior to the attainment of full ROM of the two joints
active insufficiency is caused with what movement?
contraction
passive insufficiency is cased with what movement
extension
what is passive insufficiency
the point where a 2 joint muscle cannot elongate/ stretch any more. muscle reaches maximum length prior to the attainment of full ROM of the two joints
what is end feel
when the end of the available ROM is reached
what is over pressure
pressure is applied at the end of the available ROM to feel the resistance of the tissues. If the muscles are relaxed, only inert tissues are stressed
what is proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
diagonal patters of movement for the upper and lower extremities. Achieved by simultaneously combining components of all 3 cardinal planes of motion and of multiple joints of an extremity
why do we use PNF patterns?
joint movement and muscle lengthening occurs in a functional ROM with the use of several joints simultaneously. sensory feedback from the movement in diagonal patterns is thought to be closer to the sensory feedback provided by normal active movement. can assist with coordination. incorporates rotation and crossing of midline. stronger muscles help facilitate the contraction of weaker ones. assists with neuromotor control and function
