Unit 6 Flashcards
Epigenetics
How gene expression can be altered without changing the gene itself
Epigenetic factors
Environmental conditions can turn genes on/off
Transcription
Creating RNA from the DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase
Translation
RNA -> protein (from mRNA template)
DNA has…
A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogeneous base
RNA has __ instead of ___
U, T
Chromosomes
Store and protect genetic information
Promoter
Signals the start of a gene to be transcribed
Polymerase
An enzyme that replicates molecules (or proteins if RNA polymerase)
Initiation
Start of translating mRNA,
Helicase
Unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds and holding them together (DNA REPLICATION)
Primase
Shows where to start (DNA REPLICATION)
Ligase
Brings the Okazagai fragments together (DNA REPLICATION)
Initiation
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, separates the DNA strands, and provides the single-stranded template needed for transcription
Elongation
RNA polymerase uses template, builds complementary nucleotides
Termination
Terminators signal that the RNA transcript is complete
Initiation (trans.)
The ribosome finds the start codon, AUG, and tRNA comes in
Elongation (trans.)
The polypeptide chains of amino acids grow (tRNA bringing them in)
Termination (trans.)
A stop codon enters the ribosome
